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Morpho-Anatomical and Biochemical Characterization of
Embryogenic and Degenerative Embryogenic Calli of
Phoenix dactylifera L.
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Abstract: The study of morpho-anatomical aspects, metabolic changes of proteins, antioxidant
substances, as well as phenolic compounds in embryogenic callus (EC) and degenerative embryogenic
callus (DEC) was the aim of the present investigation. Ability to form somatic embryos (SEs) was
associated with the softness of the EC, which exhibited a white or creamy color and was composed
of isodiametric cells containing dense cytoplasm, conspicuous nuclei and minimal vacuoles with
observed mitotic activity. Furthermore, protein, reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASC)
concentrations and the ratio between ASC and dehydroascorborbic acid (DHA) were increased
significantly in the EC in comparison to the DEC. In addition, the phenolic extract of the EC was
proved to have higher scavenging activity than the extract from the DEC. A loss of embryogenic
competence in the DEC was correlated with the presence of more rigid clumps and such calli had
a yellowish to brown color and no cell division could be observed in the cells of such aggregates
as the cells had large vacuoles and they have very thick walls. Moreover, these morphological and
anatomical observations of the DEC were accompanied by accumulations of the oxidized form of
ascorbic acid (DHA), H2O2, total soluble phenolic compounds and overaccumulation of naringenin.
Alternations in cellular metabolism can affect and regulate the morphogenesis of somatic embryos.
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| Publication year |
2021
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| Author(s) from ARC |
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| Publication Type |
Journal
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