EFFECT OF LAND LEVELLING AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON SUGAR BEET GROWN UNDER DEVELOPED SURFACE IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Abstract: Two field trials were carried out at Sids Agricultural Research Station, Beni Sueif Governorate (Middle Egypt) in 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 seasons to study the effect of twelve treatments on the yield and quality of sugar beet as well as some soil-water and crop-water relation (WUE). The studied treatments represent the combinations among four slopes of soil surface with irrigation method (T1: zero, T2: 0.05 and T3: 0.10 % level using laser technique under perforated pipes, involved in the developed surface irrigation system, compared with T4: traditional leveling and irrigation method), and three N fertilization levels (60, 80 and 100 kg N/fed). Sugar beet variety Sultan was used in this work. A split plot design in three replications was used. A perforated pipes system of six-inch diameter, 6-m length aluminum pipes was used with a spacing of 0.6 m between the orifices along the pipes. Discharging orifices number were 15 for each treatment with a flow rate 1.5 l/h/orifice. The external diameter of perforated pipe was 154 mm.
In respect to soil-water relations, the results showed that the uniformity distribution of flow through orifices along the perforated pipes was about 95.39 %, while the variation of the measured pressure head along the perforated pipe was 6.93 %. The treatments T1, T2 and T3 saved average total water advance time (min) by 40.63, 50.00 and 60.63 % respectively, average total water recession time (min) by 18.27, 20.65 and 29.58 %, respectively, and average total water opportunity time (min) by 12.03, 16.30 and 20.92%, compared with traditional method of levelling and irrigation (T4). T3 had a positive effect on infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration depth and recorded 35.0 and 29.55 % higher than T4. T3 saved 19.88 and 19.91% of the amount of water applied, compared with T4 in the 1st and 2nd season, respectively.
Regarding sugar beet crop traits, the results clarified that pol % (sugar percentage) and rendement % (extractable sugar percentage) and sugar yield/fed were significantly affected by soil surface levelling and irrigation treatments. The highest values of pol % and rendement % were recorded at T3. On the contrary, root fresh weight, top fresh weight/plant, quality index, root yield/fed were insignificantly affected by the four treatments in both seasons.
Root fresh weight/plant and root yield/fed were significantly increased as the applied N level was increased up to 80 kg N/fed. Moreover, top fresh weight was gradually and significantly increased as the applied N level was raised from 60 to 80 and to 100 kg N/fed. However, a gradual reduction in pol, rendement and quality index percentages was detected accompanying the increase in N level. Meanwhile, sugar yield was insignificantly affected by N levels.
As for crop-water relation, T2 increased water use efficiency (kg roots/m3 water) by 59.56 and 55.18 %, compared with T4, in the 1st and 2nd season, respectively.
Under conditions of the present work, grading soil surface at 0.05 or 0.10 % using laser technique under perforated pipes (the developed surface irrigation system) and supplying sugar beet with 80 kg N/fed, is recommended to save water and to obtain the highest root and sugar yields/fed and the best quality traits.
Key words:
Sugar beet, yield, quality, perforated pipes, land leveling, surface irrigation, water distribution uniformity water advance time, recession time, infiltration time and water use efficiency.
Publication year 2005
Availability location مكتبة كلية الزراعة جامعة الازهر
Availability number
Organization Name
Country Egypt
City القاهرة
Publisher Name: الجمعية المصرية للهندسة الزراعية
serial title المؤتمر السنوي الثالث عشر للجمعية المصرية للهندسة الزراعية . دور وأفاق الهندسة الزراعية في مستقبل العالم المعاصر
Department On farm irrigation and drainage
Author(s) from ARC
Agris Categories Agricultural engineering
AGROVOC
TERMS		 Irrigation systems. Land levelling. Sugarbeet. Surface irrigation.
Proposed Agrovoc NITROGEN LEVELS;
Publication Type Conference/Workshop
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