Field studies were carried out to evaluate susceptibility of five varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris L, (Bronco, Nerina, Xera, Savana and Alicante) to infestation with legumes aphid, Aphis craccivora as one of the main pests causing a great damage to bean plants and subsequently with virus diseases and its effect on the resultant yields. This work was conducted during summer and nili plantation seasons of 2010 and 2011. The results revealed that, tested common bean varieties showed significant differences between means of their infestation levels by A. craccivora. Alicante variety was the most tolerant to aphid infestation, while Bronco variety was the highest susceptible. Concerning virus diseases (yellow mosaic virus "BYMV" and common mosaic virus "BCMV"), Alicante variety was almost immune, while Bronco and Nerina varieties were highly susceptible to infection. So, Bronco and Alicante varieties gave the highest green yield, while Xera variety gave the lowest weight of green pods. Therefore, it was conclude that, Alicante variety recorded the least infestation, more tolerant to virus infestation and heaviest green pods yield.

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the initial and residual effects of Biofly, Beauveria bassiana and Actra efficiency on the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) by using three sprayer types, knapsack motor sprayer (Arimitsu 25 L/fed.) Conventional sprayer (200 L/fed.), and Rotary sprayer Micron ULV (15 L/fed.) in Mitawa Village, Fakous district in Sharkia Govemorate, Egypt during tomato summer plantation of 2010 season. Results showed that Actra ¾ recommended rate by using Conventional sprayer after three days of the 1st and the 2nd sprays proved to be the most effective against B. tabaci adults (87.5% and 93.5%) reduction, respectively followed by Actra recommended rate and ¾ recommended rate by using Rotary micron ULV sprayer after the 1st spray recorded the same reduction percentage 79.4. Actra recommended rate occurred highest initial effect after three days from the 1st and the 2nd sprays against B. tabaci eggs showing 95% and 94% reduction, respectively, with Conventional sprayer. In general, the average of residual effect after the 1st and the 2nd sprays was significantly different between the tested materials and untreated. It could be concluded that controlling B. tabaci depends mainly on the efficacy of the used insecticide and the sprayer type.

Two insect growth inhibitors (TGRS) were evaluated against the cotton leafworm spodoptera litorollis (BOISD) and eight insecticides belonging to three different groups, (four pyrethroids, three organophosphorous and one carbomate) determined against the cotton bollworms.

In modern agriculture, the most critical problem for increasing yield and developing sustainable agriculture is sufficient fertilizers supply and successful crop protection against herbivores and pathogens. Field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Egypt to investigate the influence of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers at their recommended rates per feddan (NPK units ratio of 66:30:24) on the population densities of jassid, Impoasca spp.; cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius infesting cotton plants cv. Giza 89 during 2009 and 2010 seasons. Also, the effect of tested fertilizers on cotton plants growth was studied. Seven fertilizer treatments i.e. N, P, K, NP, NK, PK and NPK were evaluated. Obtained results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced the population density of Impoasca spp. whereas, it enhanced the population densities of both A. gossypii and B. tabaci in the two seasons of study. Plants fertilized with potassium either alone or in combinations with others were significantly infested with the lowest population densities of Impoasca spp. and A. gossypii and were infested with moderate numbers of B. tabaci. Phosphorus fertilizer proved to be very effective in lowering the incidence of B. tabaci on treated plants, but it increased the density of Impoasca spp. significantly. Plants treated with NPK in combination were infested with moderate population densities of the three insects. In both seasons of our study, the highest average numbers of squares and green bolls per cotton plant were observed on plants treated with NPK. On the contrary, plants which fertilized with K only significantly fruited the lowest means of squares and green bolls per plant. Further studies should be done to limit the adequate combination of N, P and K for cotton maximum production and minimum insects infestation under Egyptian agricultural conditions.

A survey of spider community composition and diversity associated with foliage of two ornamental plants (Lantana shrubs and Croton trees) was carried out in the Orman garden. Foliage beating, hand collecting and sweep nets were used. Numbers of collected spiders were pooled and analysed for species diversity using Shannon-Wiener Index, evenness, Simpson Index and Sørensen Quotient of Similarity.
A total of 567 spiders grouped in 13 families belonging to 34 genera and more than 34 species. Vegetation type influenced spider abundance. Lantana shrubs received 263 individuals belonged to 25 genera, 27 species of 13 families, while Croton trees received 304 individuals belonged to 21 genera, 22 species of 10 families.
Five families contained 85.17% of the total collected spiders; they are Miturgidae, Philodromidae, Salticidae, Theridiidae and Araneidae. Miturgidae was the most abundant family (20.1%) followed by Philodromidae (19.75%), Salticidae (18.3%), Theridiidae (14.6%) and Araneidae (12.3%). The other remaining families represented 14.6% of the total catch.
Guild structure analysis revealed seven feeding guilds namely, stalker, ground runner, foliage runner, ambusher, orb web spiders, space weaver and wandering sheet spiders. Guild structure varied considerably in relation to the structural quality of vegetation; the foliage runner, stalker and ambusher spider guilds were the dominant feeding guilds on Lantana representing 14.5, 12.3 & 11.5%, respectively of the total collected spiders, while the orb web spiders, the space weavers and the ambushers were the dominant feeding guilds on Croton representing 13.8, 12.8 and 12.7, respectively.

Experiments were carried out at El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during two successive growing seasons (2009/10 and 2010/11) to study the survey and population fluctuations of arthropod pests, insect predators, spiders and parasitoids in lettuce plantations, as influenced by some weather factors. Population densities of leafhoppers, aphids, thrips and spider mite were higher in January plantation than in October plantation. Population densities of Bemisia tabaci and leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii were lower in January plantation than in October plantation. High population densities of the parasitoid, Aphidius sp. were recorded in January and February on aphids (A. gossypii and M. persicae). Spiders and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens were the most dominant predators, while Paederus alfierii Koch was the least one. Spiders had highly significant positive effect (2009/10) and wind velocity had a significant positive effect (2010/11) on Empoasca spp. populations. Spiders correlated significantly and positively with whitefly in the first season. Insect predators had significant negative and spiders had highly significant positive effect on thrips populations in 2010/11 season. The combined effect of predators and weather factors was high on leafhoppers and thrips density in 2009/10 and 2010/11, respectively. Nine insect species, belonging to seven families and three orders were surveyed by the pitfall traps from lettuce plantations. Cecidomaiid and Collembola were the most abundant species, while the least occurring insect pest was A. gossypii. Also, staphylinids were the most dominant predators, while aeolothripid was the least one. The surveyed spiders by pitfall traps were found belonging to nine families; Araneidae, Dictynidae, Gnaphosidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Oecobiidae, Philodromidae, Salticidae and Theridiidae. The most abundant was Lycosidae. The survey revealed the occurrence of twenty-five parasitoid species, belonging to 13 families, by pitfall traps. Cotesia sp., Aphidius sp. and Anagrus sp. were the most dominant parasitoids. Also, Charips sp. was the most dominant hyperparasitoid.

Experiments were carried out at El-Riad district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in two successive growing seasons (2009/10 and 2010/11) to study the effect of intercropping of faba bean, maize and cabbage with sugar beet on the population density of Empoasca spp. (nymphs and adults), Aphis spp. (nymphs and adults), Bemisia tabaci (adults), Pegomyia mixta (eggs and larvae), Cassida vittata (larvae, pupae and adults) and predators in sugar beet plantations compared with the non-intercropped plants and the resulting yield. The toxicity of certain compounds: fenitrothion, super misrona, sour orange oil, acidless orange oil, and Bermectine in reducing the population density of P. mixta and C. vittata larvae infesting sugar beet was evaluated. The rate of infestation was higher in the sole sugar beet plants than in those intercropped with faba bean, maize and cabbage plants which caused reduction of sucking pests and P. mixta eggs in the two seasons. The intercropping of faba bean plants led to higher infestation rate of P. mixta larvae in the two seasons and C. vittata (larvae, pupae and adults) in the first season. The intercropping with maize led to a higher population density of Chrysoperla carnea, Paederus alfierii and Scymnus spp. in the two seasons. Low population density of true spiders was observed in sole sugar beet (control) when compared with faba bean, maize and cabbage plants intercropped in the two seasons. Concerning the obtained root yield, the intercropping with maize and cabbage plants reduced the resultant yield of sugar beet roots in the two seasons. Bermectine and fenitrothion were the most effective toxicants followed by super misrona and then, sour orange that induced the lowest reduction in P. mixta larvae. Also, fenitrothion and Bermectine were the most potent compounds in reducing the population density of C. vittata larvae followed by super misrona and then, plant oil extracts. Concerning the side effects of these compounds on predators, sour orange oil and acidless orange oil had slight effects, whereas Bermectine and super misrona caused a moderate effect against predators. However, fenitrothion was the most highest toxic compound against predators.

Insecticide and repellent activity of an acetone extract and oil from fresh leaves of Pelargonium x hortorum (cv. Orangesonne) were evaluated against the 2nd and 4th instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The oil showed medium toxicity against the 2nd instar and low toxicity against the 4th instar larvae, while the extract showed high signifi cant toxicity at all concentrations tested against the two instars. On the other hand, both oil and extract exhibited highly signifi cant repellency against the two tested instars. Volatile constituents of the oil were also identified by GC-MS analysis.

Obtained data shoed that the type of prey and temperature affected significantly on C. eruditus male and female biology. As it prolonged C. eruditus life stages when fed on eggs of Rhizoglyphus robini at 20 ºC, while it was significantly decreased when fed on eggs of Callosbrucus maculates at 30 ºC.there was a significant effect on the predator fecundity when fed on different prey and temperature, as C. eruditus female deposited 49.92 eggs at 30 ºC when fed on R. robini eggs.

The obtained data included that the different biological aspects of P. martini was significantly affected by different diets (free living nematodes, Rhabditella muscicola Chitwood and two different fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Pithium spinosum) and temperatures. The male lasted shorter time than females in different periods. Female longevity recorded the longest period when it fed on F. oxysporum at 20 ºC (37.21 days) while the shortest longevity period recorded at 35 ºC (12.16 days).The obtained results showed that the best diet for rearing the predatory mite P. martini was F. oxysporum at 25 ºC where it recorded the highest number of deposited eggs (73.79 eggs) but the least favorable one for feeding was the fungus P. spinosum at 35 ºC (48.71 eggs).