A great deal of research effort in the field of environmental sociology has been directed towards examining the people public's attitudes toward environmental issues. The study identifies and explains the relationship between public concern of rural youth in some rural areas in Egypt toward environmental issues and their age, gender, marital status, education levels, family monthly income, family size of youth, and place of residence. Seven general hypotheses and conceptual explanations of these characteristics can be identified. Twenty four statements in questionnaire were designed to examine participants' public concern toward a variety of environmental issues.
A compatible model of Anthony Downs (1972), the issues attention cycle, has played an important theoretical role in the current study. It will be used as a benchmark in reviewing trends in the public opinion of rural youth toward environmental issues. The study used a random sample that included two hundred of rural _youth. Descriptive analysis was used to identify the social characteristics of youth and their opinion toward environmental issues. For a variety of environmental attitudes and issues, the study employed a principle components factor analysis using varimax rotation and listwise deletion.
The results of correlation indicate that age was positively correlating to public concern of youth toward environmental issues of water, air, and soil pollution. Education level of youth and their family monthly income were negatively correlating to public concern of youth toward environmental issues, limits to growth. The study found that female youth were likely to have favorable public concern toward environmental issues than male youth regarding limits to growth. Place of residence was a predictor of the public concern of youth toward all sets of environmental issues, the study suggests that big villages residents of youth were found to have significant greater concern toward environmental issues than small villages residents of youth. The study does not demonstrate any relationship between family size of rural youth and their marital status and their public concern toward environmental issues.

The call for enabling woman to participate as a base for justice and equality represents a development and human necessity as well as a target must be sought with all means to achieve the favour of woman and society in spite of this we find that conventions, tralitions and cultural heritages in the country hinder the move of the vural woman and lessen her identity and position.
The study aimed at : Recognising the extent of woman obedience in the village to cultural heritages spposing enableess of the woman, and the degree of her approval to calls of enabling woman in different fields as well as knowing the nature of retalion between some personal merits for rural women andea ch. Of their cultural heritages appo sing enaheness of the woman and the extent of approval to calls of enabling the woman.
This study has been procaded in two villages in Bahari subjects were chose rondomely from each village ( ab ova 18 ).
The Data have been collected from the subjects by questionnaire method with the inlerview the data have been collected in June and July 2005.
The most important results have been : The degree of approval to cultural heri ages opposing endling the woman by some reached 90%, the highest fields, the economic and project proceeding and the less inside the home.
Anegatwe relation existed between the degree of rural women to cultural--heritage, education and cultural openness.
The study advices the importance of spreading the thinking of enabling woman through religious development as it is the nearest to convince village women with the importance of justice and equality in participation .

The main objectives of this research were: (I) to determine levels of social environmental health in Ismailia and Behira governorates; (2) to determine differences between human deprivation levels in Ismaila and Behira governorates in relation with social environmental health; and (3) to determine relative contribution of the most important studied independent variables in interpreting social environmental variance in Ismilia and Behira governorates.
The research data were collected during the period August-September, 2004 from villages of Nevisha and Abu-Socir (Ismilia District, Ismailia Governorates) where human deprivation was low, and villages of Krakes and Sharnoub (Danaanhour District, Behira Governorates) where human deprivation was high. A 'pre tested written questionnaire and tace-to-face interviews were used in collecting the research data. A sample of 300 participants of family heads, who have kids, was used (75 participants per village). Frequency tables, percentages, Pearson simple Correlation coefficient, "t" test, and step-wise multiple regression were used in analyzing the accrued research data.
The main findings of the research were as the following:
(I) There was higher level of social environmental health in Ismailia Governorate than that of Behira Governorate. There was a significant difference (at 0.01 significance level), for the side of Ismialia governorate, in each of total social environmental health, satisfaction regarding social community services, .and
t` psychological comfort.
(2) The five independent variables of political participation, average monthly mcltmc per family menllier, participants' age. number of family members (participant's family size), and family agricultural land ownership.. combined together explained about 45% of' the dependant variable of total social environmental health in Ismailia Governorate. The independent 'variable of political participation alone explained 26% of the variance in the concerned dependent variable, followed by , average monthly income per family member (8%), participant's age (6%), then family size (4%), and family agricultural land ownership (3%).
(3) The five independent variables of community organization membership, average monthly income per family member, literacy of old individuals (15 years and more), political participation, and participant's education combined together explained 58% of the dependent variable of total social environmental health. The independent variable of community organization Membership alone explained 30% of the studied dependent variable, followed by average monthly income per family member (17%), illiteracy of old individuals (15 years and more) 16%, political participation (3%), and participant's education (2%).
In accordance with the accrued research findings, the research presented some suggestions to be raised to the concerned rural development authorities. They were as the following:
(I) quick implementation of different preventive procedures against widespread of different social diseases throughout amelioration of general environmental factors, and recession of all deprivation perspectives; and (2) precise consideration of all factors that are thought to play positive roles in social environmental health process, including those of persuading community members to participate effectively in development process particularly in political participation, community organization membership, income poverty resistance, illiteracy removal in a short time period, availability of enough job opportunities in order to help individual integrate in community life, and alleviation oil' social alienation phenomenon.

The study aimed at identifying the achievement levels of members" participation criteria in the performance of the Farmer Field Schools* (ITS), determining the difference between achieving these criteria in the FFSs implemented by each of the Egypt-Finland Agricultural Research Project (1FARP) and the Integrated Pest Management Project (IPMP). and determining the differences between the implementation of participation aspects in the studied projects.
The study was conducted in Ismailia Governorate on two systematic random samples of the members who spent at least two seasons in IFARP and IPMP FFSs. Samples amounted to 79 and 73 respondents from the FFSs of IFARP and IPMP respectively. Data was collected during August and September 2002 by personal interviews using a pre-tested questionnaire composed of 75 participation criteria classified under 12 aspects. Frequencies, weighted mean and .Mann- Whitney U Test were used to analyze the data statistically. The main results of the study revealed that:
1. Eighteen criteria were highly achieved in FFSs in general e.g., production of goods or services increase, members who get training share their new knowledge with others, positive reasons for joining the school. Progress towards self-reliance, and members awareness of what officers are doing.
2. Five criteria were weakly achieved in II Ss i e written basis for group works, number of members participate actively in meetings and group activities. number of members have responsibility as leading officers, hold meetings without the group facilitator, and number of members attending meetings. I'T'Ss of IFARP suppressed ITSs of IPMP in applying thee participation aspects i.e.. management responsibilities, group performance in meetings and decision making, and inter-group interaction (membership base), while II Ss of IPMP suppressed FPSs of IFARP in applying the participation aspect of external interaction of the group (Broadening the disease).

The study aimed at determining differences among farmers' perception scores of chamomile and coriandrum about problems related to: human resources. Financing and investment, marketing, high costs of production, water, technological and biological aspects and extension. Beside determining relationship between each of chamomile and coriandrum farmers' perception about their production and marketing problems and each of the studied independent variables.
The study carried out in Beni Suef governorate where the largest three districts in areas cultivated with chamomile product representing medicinal plants, so a village was chosen randomly from each district, 75 farmers were chosen randomly equal 18.20% from chamomile farmers in these districts, in the same technique 75 farmers of Coriandrum representing Aromatic Seeds cultivated in the studied governorate equal to 34.56% of total Coriandrum farmers.
Personal interview questionnaire was utilized to collect data from the interviewees, Frequencies tables, percentages, averages, standard divination, "t" test and person simple correlation coefficient as statistical tools were utilized for and analysis of data.
The study revealed the following most important results;
1- There is significant differences between scors perception of Chamomile and Coriandrum interviewed farmers about problems related to human resources, financing and investment, marketing, high cost of production, water, technological and biological aspects and extension.
2- There is significant relationship between Chamomile farmers' score of perception about human resources, financing and investment, marketing, technological and biological aspects and extension problems only with the majority of studied independent variables expect the variable of years of education. As to scors of perception of Coriandrum farmers for all prementioned problems have a positive significant relationship with most of the studied independent variables.

This study aimed to determine: the difference in communicational, social, psychological and economical characteristics between the users and non-users of Laser Technology for Land Leveling (LTLL) in Sohag Governorate, the difference between the attitudes of LTLL users and non-users toward its utilization, the difference between LTLL users and non-users regarding the commonly used information sources about LTLL, and the difference between LTLL users and non-users regarding their exposure to extension methods. The study aimed also to define the relationship between farmers attitudes towards LTLL utilization and each of the independent variables studied and to identify the problems encountering farmers using LTLL.
The study was conducted in Sohag as one of Upper Egypt governorates targeted to disseminate LTLL by MALR. Two random samples of 75 respondents each were drawn representing LTLL users and non-users from 16 villages in 7 districts. Data were collected by interviewing respondents using a pre-tested questionnaire during the mid of March till the end of April 1999. Tabulation and percentages were used for presentation, and testing hypotheses for the difference between two means (Z), averages, standard deviation, weighted means, Pearson's product moment and step wise were used to analyze data statistically.

The main results of the study revealed that:
- Except for cosmopolitness variable, significant differences were detected between LTLL users and non-users regarding most communicational variables, and all social, psychological and economical variables.
- Most LTLL users (93.3%) showed strong or favorable attitudes toward LTLL, while less than half of non-users (42.7%) were located in the same category of attitude.
- LTLL users depended mainly on personal and mass information sources, while LTLL non-users depended on personal sources like neighbors, friends and relatives.
- Mass extension methods were the most important methods LTLL users exposed to, while LTLL non-users exposed mainly to personal extension methods.
- Significant relationship was found between respondents' attitudes and 6 of the communicational variables and 5 of the social, psychological and economical variables. Only five of these variables were highly contributing in explaining the total variance in farmers attitudes toward LTLL, that were: attitudes toward innovation, attitudes toward Agricultural Extension, Formal participation in local organizations, exposure to mass media, and contacting change agents.
- The main problems of LTLL users were: high costs, the small land holdings (fragmentation), and unavailability in the proper timing.

The study aimed to recognizing opinion leaders' characteristics of both Sharkiah and Gharbiah Governorates, determining categories of listening to broadcasted programs and watching televised programs among those opinion leaders, beside recognizing their opinions in the elements, of evaluating the Broadcasted Agricultural program “Ard EL –Mahrousa” and Televised Agricultural program “Ardena EL –Taibah”. Then determining differences among their opinions in evaluating these two programs and the levels of such evaluation of those opinion leaders in the two governorates.
To conduct this study both Sharkiah and Gharbiah governorates were chosen, out of them 6 districts were chosen randomly, then 5 mother villages were chosen also randomly from each district with total of 30 villages. From each village 5 opinion leaders were selected from those having Leadership in more than one area with a total of 150 opinion leaders for this study.
A questionnaire through personal interview was utilized for data collection during February and March 1999. Data were presented and analyzed using tables, frequencies, percentages, “T“ test, critical ratio, averages and standard deviation, statistical criteria.

The study revealed the major following results:

1- More than half of the interviewed opinion leaders are from old age categories ranging between 42 to 67 years, the education of more than two thirds of them ranges between 6 to more than 12 years of schooling. The majority of them have strong positive attitude towards modernization and having strong communication with change agents, also more than half of them are exposed to printed information media with a degree ranging between moderate and high.

2- More than three fifth of the interviewees (63.3%) are exposed for listening 3 to 4 broadcasted programs, while those who watch the same number of televised programs amounted to more than four fifth (82.7%) of the interviewed sample.
3- When evaluating the items of the agricultural broadcasted program “Ard EL- Mahrousah”, opinion leaders viewed in the following 5 points.
A. Less than half of interviewees (45.33%) indicated that broadcasting of the studied program is “ some-what regular”.
B. The opinion of the interviewees concerning the evaluation item of “timing and period of the program” that is “not suitable” ranged between 42% to 66.7% .
C. The percentages of the interviewees concerning the item of “broadcasting treatment of extension subjects “ that is just normal” ranged between 57.3% to 58%.
D. the timing of broadcasting the recommendations “is not convenient” with the time of their implementation according to the opinion of 58.7% of the interviewees and is “ somewhat convenient” to the situations and possibilities of their implementation according to the opinion of 58.6% of those interviewees.
E. Opinion leaders listened” sometimes” new ideas and innovations according to the percentages of interviewees” opinion ranged between 45.3% to 70.0% in various elements of this evaluation item.
4- The opinion leaders views in evaluating the items of the agricultural televised program” Ardena EL-Taibah” the following 5 points.
A. The program is “ irregular” according to the opinion of 49.3% of interviewees opinion leaders.
B. The percentages of opinions of interviewees concerning the elements of the item of “ timing and period of program” that is “ not suitable” ranging between 50 to 68 %.
C. The treatment of the televised extension subjects is “ less than normal” in the opinion of 59.3% to 68.0% of the interviewees.
D. “The timing of televising recommendations” in this program “ is not convenient” with the time of their implementation ” in the opinion of (72.7%) of the interviewees. While (53.3%) of them see that the introduced recommendations in this program “co-incide” only to “moderately convenient” with the siruations and possibilities of their implementation.
E. About (66.7%) of the interviewees watch innovations only” sometimes” in this televised program, while (84.0%) of them said “seldomly” only this program presents a summary to the extension subjects at the end, and also (72.0%) of them reported that only this program rarely satisfy their needs of information, and (58.0%) “ seldomly” only see these “ recommendations presented clearly” in this program.
5- The total general average of evaluation of the agricultural broadcasted program “Ard EL- Mahrousah” amounted to (1.724) exceeds its similar for the agricultural televised program “Ardena EL-Taibah” amounting only (1.542).
6- There are significant differences among evaluating the two agricultural programs for majority of the evaluation items-(4 items) on the 0.05 or 0.01 levels and insignificant differences for one item only.
7- About (74.67%) of opinion leaders said that the agricultural broadcasted program have high level. while only (60.67%) of them reported that the agricultural televised program have that high level.

This research aim to study the educational effect of using video tape about bestcides safty among farmer. Also to identify the relationship between farmer,s characteristics and the effect , Besides the problems facing farmers in the new areas in Kafr El sheikh and Noubaria. AQuestionnaire Was used to collect data by interviewing 90 farmers. They were selected randumly from the research area. Before- after was used to measure the educational changes. Percentage, mean, T and F test, r, and partial correlation were used to analyze the data.
The main results show that their is a significant educational effect through used video tape about bestcides safety. Their is a possitive correlation (.,01) between educational effect and farm size. All variable are resposible for 20% of the change in the educational effect , speciially farm size and motivation of farm holding.