Abstract :
The research aimed to construct scale for measuring communication skills in the Egyptian Agricultural Extension Organization and test its validity and reliability of agricultural extension work officials. The scale included four main components: the skill of listening, the skill of speaking, the ability to understand others, and the skill of managing emotions.
The research was conducted in five governorates, namely, Dakahlia, Ismailia, Beheira, Fayoum, and Assiut, representing the regions of “Middle Delta, East Delta, West Delta, Middle Egypt and Upper Egypt” in order, as it included the respondents from officials of agricultural extension work at the level of centers Governorate 508 officials for extension work, and the sample size reached 224 respondents at the level of the five studied governorates. Data were collected through a personal interview using a questionnaire form, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate the reliability of the scale. Self-validity, statistical validity, formative validity or internal consistency were also tested.
The results are high reliability and validity of the scale, as the reliability coefficient extracted with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.87 and the validity coefficient of 0.93 and thus the scale is valid for measuring communication skills fore agricultural extension officials in the Egyptian Agricultural Extension Organization.

This research aimed to identify the cognitive needs and the mental skills of the respondents with regard to the drip irrigation system operation and maintenance, as well as the level of their application of some technical recommendations related to raising the efficiency of the irrigation system, as two dependent variables, and study the correlation and regression between them with some social, economic, communication and psychological characteristics of the respondents. Lastly to identify the most important problems that are facing the respondents during the operation and maintenance of the drip irrigation system, and how to face them from their perspective. The research was conducted in Tiba region of the new reclaimed lands in western Nubaria into three villages are: Suleiman, Adam and Elisha, and the population of the study was represented into 852 respondents from citrus farmers. A simple random sample was taken by the method of sequential analysis, the size of 103 respondents, representing 12% of the population. The data were quantitatively processed and used to
describe it by the percentages, mean, standard deviation, frequencies, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient and multiple regression. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents 91.3% have a high and medium of cognitive and mental skills level and also the majority of the respondents 90.3% have a high and medium of the technical application level. Regarding The most important reference sources for the respondents for their irrigation casual work were the traders of irrigation system supplies, then the experienced neighbors, then irrigation engineer in the region mentioned by 93.2%, 84.4% and 40.8% of the respondents respectively. The results of examining the Correlation also showed an inverse correlation at the probability level (0.05) between the cognitive needs level and mental skills as the first dependent variable and the following independent variables: total area, citrus productivity per acre, the attitude towards drip irrigation, and the general irrigation awareness. However the results revealed that there is no significant correlation at neither probability level (0,01) nor (0.05) between the first dependent variable and age, family size, children education level, respondent education, agricultural respondents experience, citrus area, number of the trees per acre, total production, Training in the field of drip irrigation, the village residence, irrigation modernization, extension role in the village. Together these independent variables interpreted by 28 % of the first dependent variable variance. On the other hand the correlation between the technical application level as the second dependent variable of the respondents related to increase the efficiency of the irrigation system, the results showed that there was a positive correlation at the probability level (0.01) with the children education level, the respondents education, and a positive correlation at the probability level (0.05) with total area, and inverse correlation at the same probability level with the extension role. However,
there was no a significant correlation at neither probability level (0.01) nor (0.05) with the remaining investigated independent variables, additionally, the independent variables all together interpreted the second dependent variable variance by 41 %
The most important problems were mentioned by the respondents respectively: high costs of the maintenance, lack of the irrigation spare parts availability, poor quality of irrigation hoses, few irrigation engineers available in the region to help, high costs of establishing a drip irrigation system, and The eighteenth problem is spreading out the weeds around the draw tube in the water well.
in the same context, the most important suggestions were mentioned by the respondents respectively: promote the farmers training on establishing, operating and maintaining the drip irrigation system, improving the quality of the drip irrigation hoses and providing them at affordable prices, governmental support to manufacture the drip irrigation systems components, and finally using the under soil plows to improve the drip irrigation.

The study aimed to recognize some characteristics in the area of the
study, to identify the respondent information sources of modern irrigation
technology, and their level of implementation of modern irrigation technology
in the area of the study and the problems which face them during
implementation of modern irrigation technology.
The study was conducted in Minya and Assuit governorates in some
villages were chosen randomly among the Desert back villages in the two
governorates, villages 3, 5 and 8 in Minya and Dashlout, Bawit and Deer
alganadila in Assuit governorate.
The data was collected in June and July 2019 from the sample
through focus group discussion, the total number of the respondents was
129, the descriptive system was used in analyzing data.
The main results were as follows:
First: some agricultural characteristics in the area of the study ;
About a third of the respondents in Minya grow vegetables, half of them
grow traditional crops and few grow medical and garden crops .
In Assuit about half of the respondents grow vegetables, about a
third of them grow traditional crops and the few that remain grow garden
and medical crops.
The results show that the water used in irrigation is from wells by
two thirds and the number of days for irrigation shift in the main canal does
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not exceed 3 days, the level of water in the main canal is mostly weak,
about one third of the growers use electric energy in operating irrigation
machine, two thirds of them use diesel machines, the discussions results
showed that one fifth of the growers irrigate by Immersion style while Fourfifths of theme use dripping or spraying style.
Second: The results of the discussion showed that the high majority of
growers resort to relatives and neighbors as the most important source
of information about modern irrigation technology in the study area, the
second source of information was Senior farmers in the village and this
was reported by half of the respondents, then agriculture programs TV
by third of the respondents while the rest of the sources were of a very
low level.
Third: level of implementation of modern irrigation technology in the area of
the study: the level of applying improving soil technologies, growing
system, technologies of surface irrigation and systems of rational
irrigation were low, while it was average concerning the technology of
irrigation systems and it was high level in the technology of irrigation
Scheduling.
Fourth: The problems which face the growers in applying irrigation
technology: The absence of agriculture extension and water guidance
in the area, the growers' little financial ability, the high cost of building
modern irrigation nets, the unavailability of water in the main canal,
growing land as a usufruct only and the difficulty in rationing the
possession case, the growers little awareness concerning the rational
use of irrigation water, not having finance to Facilitate using modern
irrigation system, traditions in the over use of water , not having
specialized persons in maintaining the modern irrigation nets in the
area, the unavailability of needed quantities of agriculture gypsum,

ABSTRACT
This research aimed mainly study to the relationship between agricultural extension and agricultural research center through: Identify the nature of the relationship between the agricultural extension system and agricultural research center through: The quality of research and studies that are produced agricultural research center and determine the Applied benefit from the research that is produced determine who simplifies the results of agricultural research Identifying who you move these new technologies suggestions that increase the strength of the relationship between the research system and extension system.
The important results:
- The vast majority of respondents, 96.4%, acknowledge that the research that is produced in the Research Center is applied research.
- 49% of the respondents see the benefit from research to a moderate degree, while 46.7% think that the benefit is high.
- 48,5% of the respondents admitted to applying research intermittently.
- 69,34% of the respondents indicated that the intermittent application of agricultural research is due to financial obstacles.
- 67,88% of the respondents agreed that other parties participate with them in simplifying the research results.
- 86,13% of the respondents acknowledged that the research results have entered into practical application.
- 64,23% of the respondents acknowledged the existence of periodic contact between the research apparatus and the agricultural extension agency.
- The most common proposals to strengthen the relationship between the research apparatus and the agricultural extension apparatus are to establish extension liaison offices in agricultural research center 100%.
-That all respondents 100% believe that agricultural extension officers depend on personal experience and the agricultural research center in obtaining their information.
- According to the respondents' point of view, the highest problems facing agricultural extension workers are: The application of the research and extension communication network (VIRCON) in all county centers has stopped 100%.

Abstract
The research aimed to identify the agricultural extension workers' use of mobile phone in their performance of the studied tasks in their extension work, and to determine the relationship between some independent variables studied for the respondents, and their use of the mobile phone in their performance of the extension tasks studied in the extension work.
The research was conducted on a sample of agricultural extension workers amounting to 150 respondents, and the data was collected using a questionnaire during the month of April 2019, and it was unpacked, tabulated, statistically analyzed and displayed using tables of frequency, percentages and average degree, using the computer, through the Statistical Program for Social Sciences "Spss “.
The most important results were: -
1- That more than quarters of the respondents (81.3%) fall into the categories of middle and elderly, and that the vast majority of them (96%) have a high qualification, and that four-fifths of the respondents (80%) fall into the category of medium and large agricultural extension experience.
2- The respondents use the mobile phone in their performance of the activities of each of the studied extension tasks, which can be arranged in descending order according to the average degree of their use of the mobile phone in performing each of these tasks as follows: Educate farmers about the organizations in the local community and explain their benefits to them. 2.47 degrees, followed by the agricultural guide communicating with supervisory levels of 2.40 degrees, then communicating the problems of the guides to the various research bodies with the aim of reaching scientific solutions to these problems with a score of 2.40, then communicating the research results and the recommendations developed for the guides 1.48 degrees. The average degree of the respondents ’opinion as a whole on their use of the mobile phone to perform the advisory tasks studied was 2.19, which indicates that the respondents’ use of the mobile phone to perform these tasks was good overall.
3- That more than one-fourth of the respondents (78.6%) are agricultural extension workers, who are medium-grade portable extension workers in Adamala for the studied extension tasks.
4- A moral relationship between some independent studied variables of the respondents and their use of the mobile phone in the most general way for the studied tasks in their extension work.

This research aimed to identfy the attitude of the tomato growers towards adapting to the harmful effects of climate change, determining the correlation between the degree of their attitudes towards adaptation to the impact of this phenomenon and the studied independent variables, and determining the contribution of each of the independent variables with significant correlation in explaining the total variance that occurred in the tendency level of the surveyed tomato growers towards adaptation to the impacts of climate change phenomenon, in addition to identifying the obstacles facing the tomato growers in terms of adaptation to the impacts of this phenomenon from their point of view.
This research was conducted in Al-Burullus district in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate as one of the largest districts in the governorate in terms of the area planted with tomato; three villages were selected with the same criterion the same district namely Al-Hammad, Al-Ayash, and Al-Shihabia. A regular random sample of 225 respondents was chosen representative 10% of the total farmers in each of the three selected villages (2250 farmers). Data was collected using a questionnaire form by a personal interview with members of the research sample during December 2019 after the initial testing and making the necessary adjustments to it. Frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, weighted average, the Pearson correlation coefficient and step-wise were used in data analysis and presentation of results.
The results showed the following:
1- That about 43% of the respondents came in a negative attitude, about a third of them (31%) had a neutral level of attitude, and over a quarter of them (26%) had a positive attitude towards adapting to the harmful effects of climate change.
2- Six independent variables combined together explain the percentage 54.9% of the total variation occurring in the degree of respondents attitude towards adapting to the harmful effects of climate, 18.6% of which is due to the availability of agricultural and extension services for the adaptation of tomato crop, 13.9% for the degree of readiness for change, 10.4% for the cultivated area, 5.8% for the degree of knowledge of the aspects of low temperatures on the tomato crop, 4.7% for the full-time variable for the agricultural work, and 1.5% for the degree of knowledge of the symptoms of high temperatures on the tomato crop.
3- Twelve obstacles are facing the respondents in terms of adaption to the damages of climate change from their point of view, and they came in descending order as follows: the lack of extension officers in the field of impact of climate change on the tomato crop (93.3%), the absence of the role of the meteorology station in the region to provide the farmers of tomato with new weather forecast (90.7%), the lack of awareness of the farmers about the effects of climate changes on the tomato crop (88.4%),

Abstract
The main objective of this research is to determine the respondent farmers' knowledge level with the technical recommendations concerning the integrated control of wild oat weed that affects the wheat crop in Ismailia governorate, and to determine the correlation between the researched farmers' knowledge of the technical recommendations for the integrated control of the husky weed that affects the wheat crop and the independent studied variables. From it, the researched farmers draw their information, as well as get to know the advisory services provided to the researchers in the field of integrated control of weeds that affect the wheat crop, and to identify the problems that face the researched farmers in the field of integrated control of the weed that affects the wheat crop and their proposals.
The research was conducted in Ismailia Governorate on a regular random sample of 302 respondents of wheat, representing 21.6% of a comprehensive population of 1,400 farmers who were selected from three villages in three administrative centers randomly selected according to the area standard.

The research data was collected through a personal interview using the questionnaire form prepared for this purpose during the month of September 2019, and the data were processed statistically through frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, and simple correlation coefficient of Pearson.
The most important results were the following:
- The level of farmers' knowledge of the technical recommendations for controlling humming in the wheat crop in Ismailia is high for only two recommendations: the appropriate planting date for the wheat crop, and the false irrigation of the land and plowing it three weeks after planting to get rid of weeds that have grown at a percentage of 75% each, and an average in Four recommendations, the top of which are the appropriate planting date for the wheat crop, amounted to 75%, and low in the rest of the technical recommendations.
- The existence of a significant direct correlation relationship between the researched farmers' knowledge of the technical recommendations for the integrated control of hummingbird that infects the wheat crop and their independent variables studied at the level of 0.01 with six independent variables studied, the degree of formal education, the total area of cultivation in acres for the subjects, the area of the farm with the crop, and the degree Contribution to community development work, the degree of official community participation, the degree of willingness to change for the better in the field of integrated weed control, and the age of the respondent.
The three most important sources from which the surveyed farmers derive their information on the technical recommendations for the integrated control of weeds are: relatives, neighbors and friends by 65.9%, personal experience by 63.9%, and radio and television 62.9%.
- The most important agricultural extension services provided in the field of integrated control of the husky weed that affects the wheat crop according to the opinions of the respondents are: The guide's visit to the guides to their fields to provide extension services in the field of integrated control of hepatic weed by 29.1%
- The most important problems facing the farmers researched in the field of integrated control of hummingbird that affects the wheat crop are: The scarcity of expert workers in the field of production and control by 99%.
- The most important proposals for solving the problems facing farmers researched in the field of integrated control of weeds that affect the wheat crop are: Training agricultural workers to increase experience in the field of production and control by 97.7%.

Abstract
The main objective of this research is to determine the respondent farmers' knowledge level with the technical recommendations concerning the integrated control of wild oat weed that affects the wheat crop in Ismailia governorate, and to determine the correlation between the researched farmers' knowledge of the technical recommendations for the integrated control of the husky weed that affects the wheat crop and the independent studied variables. From it, the researched farmers draw their information, as well as get to know the advisory services provided to the researchers in the field of integrated control of weeds that affect the wheat crop, and to identify the problems that face the researched farmers in the field of integrated control of the weed that affects the wheat crop and their proposals.
The research was conducted in Ismailia Governorate on a regular random sample of 302 respondents of wheat, representing 21.6% of a comprehensive population of 1,400 farmers who were selected from three villages in three administrative centers randomly selected according to the area standard.

The research data was collected through a personal interview using the questionnaire form prepared for this purpose during the month of September 2019, and the data were processed statistically through frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, and simple correlation coefficient of Pearson.
The most important results were the following:
- The level of farmers' knowledge of the technical recommendations for controlling humming in the wheat crop in Ismailia is high for only two recommendations: the appropriate planting date for the wheat crop, and the false irrigation of the land and plowing it three weeks after planting to get rid of weeds that have grown at a percentage of 75% each, and an average in Four recommendations, the top of which are the appropriate planting date for the wheat crop, amounted to 75%, and low in the rest of the technical recommendations.
- The existence of a significant direct correlation relationship between the researched farmers' knowledge of the technical recommendations for the integrated control of hummingbird that infects the wheat crop and their independent variables studied at the level of 0.01 with six independent variables studied, the degree of formal education, the total area of cultivation in acres for the subjects, the area of the farm with the crop, and the degree Contribution to community development work, the degree of official community participation, the degree of willingness to change for the better in the field of integrated weed control, and the age of the respondent.
The three most important sources from which the surveyed farmers derive their information on the technical recommendations for the integrated control of weeds are: relatives, neighbors and friends by 65.9%, personal experience by 63.9%, and radio and television 62.9%.
- The most important agricultural extension services provided in the field of integrated control of the husky weed that affects the wheat crop according to the opinions of the respondents are: The guide's visit to the guides to their fields to provide extension services in the field of integrated control of hepatic weed by 29.1%
- The most important problems facing the farmers researched in the field of integrated control of hummingbird that affects the wheat crop are: The scarcity of expert workers in the field of production and control by 99%.
- The most important proposals for solving the problems facing farmers researched in the field of integrated control of weeds that affect the wheat crop are: Training agricultural workers to increase experience in the field of production and control by 97.7%.

Abstract
The research aimed to determine the level of training need for agricultural extension agents to improve the crop of maize in the two governorates of the research, to determine the relationship between the total degree of training need for agricultural extension workers researched to improve the crop of cornflower and between each of the independent descriptive variables and the studied quantity. And identifying the sources of information for agricultural extension agents who are researched in the field of crop improvement. And identifying the most important obstacles facing agricultural extension workers in the field of improving the crop of corn.
This research was conducted in the governorates of Gharbia and Menoufia on a sample of 214 extension agents at the level of the two governorates. Field data was collected through a personal interview, during the month of November 2019.
The most important findings of the research were:
1- Nearly half of the respondents (45.8%) had a medium level of training needs.
2- The presence of a moral relationship at 0.05 level between the total degree of training need for agricultural extension workers researched in the field of improving the crop of maize and between two variables: specialization, and the scope of the agricultural area supervised by the guide and is not significant with the rest of the independent variables studied
3-Researchers at the Agricultural Research Center ranked first in relying on them as a source of information to improve the crop of maize yield (70.1%), while the respondents did not use (100%) vercon as a source of information
4-The volume of work that agricultural extension workers are assigned to exceed their capacity ranked first in the obstacles facing agricultural extension workers when they educated the farmers of the cornflower with the various recommendations that contribute to the advancement of the crop of corn by 58.8%.

Abstract
This research aims to identify the damages caused by using household pesticides, to identify knowledge level of rural women related to recommendations safe handling of household pesticides, to identify l practices level of rural women related to recommendations safe handling of household pesticides, to identify sources of their information in this field and to identify problems they face in this field.
A questionnaire form was designed for this purpose. A systematic random sample of 178 respondents rural women from three villages: Mehalat Deye in Desouk district, Eshaka in Kafer el sheiikh district, and Shalma in Sidi Salem district. which were randomly selected from the wives of the holders and the holders women that was randomly selected by a simplified random sample and represent about 5 % of the 3557 holders wives and holders wome, Percentages, frequencies, arithmetic mean, standard division and were used to the data analyses and present the data
The most important findings of this research were:
- The most important damages resulting from the use of household pesticides from the viewpoint of the respondents are: poisoning cases, liver disease and kidney failure, and sore throat
-69% of respondents their knowledge level related to recommendations safe handling of household pesticides was ranged between low and moderate
- 75% of respondents their practices level related to recommendations safe handling of household pesticides was ranged between low and moderate
-- The main sources of respondent’s information in the field of safe handling of household pesticides were: Pesticide trader, family and neighbors and husband and children.
-- The most important problems facing respondents were: Weakness of the extension role in the field of safe handling of household pesticides, the inability of rural women to distinguish between safe and adulterated pesticides, and the lack of knowledge of rural women about the instructions for spraying the household pesticide.