Journal
[Total: 234 ]
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Adel Algezawy, Gamal Eltermezy, Soha AbdEl-Hamid, Ahmed Imam,
2022
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Faba bean (Viciafaba L.) is an important legume crop and is mainly grown for human and animal consumption as food. The aim of this research is to develop and evaluate a faba bean seeder. The developed seeder machine consists of the main frame with three hitching points, seed box, fertilizer box, six vertical rollers with round cells metering device, six plastic seed tubes, six plastic fertilize tubes, six shovel furrow openers ,six chain covering device and three diggers. Laboratory experiments were carried out as a function of change in metering device speed and cells size (1 seed/cell and 2seed/cell). While, field experiments were conducted to optimize machine forward speed and planting depth. The machine performance was studied in terms of seed damage, plant scattering, emergence, crop yield, specific energy and planting cost. The experimental results revealed that the developed faba bean planter is recommended to be used under the following conditions: forward speed of 3.5 km/h and cells size of 2seed/cell at planting depth of 50mm. The obtained results at optimum conditions were: plant emergence of 97.70%, seed yield 3.99ton/ha, ground wheel slip of 3.9 %, required power of 4.04 kW, specific energy of 8.66 kW h/ha, field capacity of 0.47ha/h, operational cost of 9.54$/ha, and production cost of2.39$/ton
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Gamal Eltermezy, Ibrahim ghanem, Soha AbdEl-Hamid, Habiba Sabry,
2022
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Orange and pomegranate are two of the most important types of fruit crops grown in Egypt. Conventional harvesting method is inefficient in terms of both economy and time. So, machine harvesting systems are a partial solution to overcome and reduce the cost. The aim of this investigation is to modify a harvesting portable machine and study the feasibility of using it for picking the navel orange and pomegranate fruits. The modified machine was evaluated using various operating factors such as cutting height of 2, 3 and 4 m , two cutting head types of machine (toothed disc and scissor) and disc speeds of 3.14, 3.66 and 4.19 m/s. the results were compared to traditional manual method at the same operating factors. The results concluded that using the modified fruit harvesting machine for picking navel orange and pomegranate fruits with toothed disc head at disc speed of 3.66 m/s with all cutting heights exhibited an enhancement in performance rate and fruits damage ratio and decreased the specific energy and operational cost. The obtained results at optimum conditions were machine performance rate of 24.33 and 20 fruit/min, fruits damage ratio 9.66 and 9.25%, specific energy of 6.45 and 7.58 kW h/Mg and operational cost of 85.74 and 100.71 L.E./Mg at cutting height of 3 m for navel orange and pomegranate fruits, respectively.
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Abdulwahed Aboukarima, Mohamed Saied Elmarazzky,
2022
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Hydraulic conductivity in unsaturated soil controls water movement and measuring it in agricultural fields is a challenging task requiring time-consuming, costly, and skilled experimentation. This study was conducted to reduce the cost of experimentation through the development of an estimation model. The developed model is based on dimensional analysis to determine the value of hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil as it relates to soil moisture content, irrigation water electrical conductivity, and suction rate (pressure head). Data points were acquired from measurements of cumulative infiltration in the field, using a mini disc infiltrometer. The developed model gave a mean discrepancy ratio of 1.10 (the acceptable range is 0.5–2.0) and a mean percentage of relative errors of 9.96%. These values indicate that the dimensional analysis model is reliable for the prediction of sandy loam soil’s unsaturated hydraulic conductivity
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Abdulwahed Aboukarima,
2022
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The effect of (NH4)2SO4:Ca(NO3)2 ratios applied by fertigation on nutritional status, fruit set, yield, and marketable yield of pomegranate trees cv. Wonderful was evaluated. The trees were provided with five nutrient solutions with the same total nitrogen level (200 units/ha) but with different (NH4)2SO4:Ca(NO3)2 ratios (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40). Increasing the (NH4)2SO4 ratio from 60 to 100% significantly reduced the nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) concentrations while significantly increasing P and Fe concentrations in pomegranate leaves. The highest (NH4)2SO4 proportion (100%) induced a reduction in both chlorophyll content and dry matter values in pomegranate leaves. The maximum fruit set (33.65% and 31.40%) and the minimum fruit drop (6.74% and 6.25%) were recorded at the applied ratio of 60% of (NH4)2SO4:40% of Ca(NO3)2. The applied proportion of 70% of (NH4)2SO4:30% of Ca(NO3)2 provided the minimum fruit sunburn (9.54% and 9.74%) and fruit cracking (6.45% and 5.64%), maximum yield (33.62 and 33.00 kg/tree), and marketable yield (27.41 and 27.93 kg/tree) in the 2019 and 2020 seasons, respectively. Our results provide valuable information about the effects of partial replacement of nitrogen fertilizer from (NH4)2SO4 with nitrogen fertilizer from Ca(NO3)2 on the growth characteristics of pomegranate trees cv. Wonderful.
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Abdulwahed Aboukarima,
2022
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The effect of (NH4)2SO4:Ca(NO3)2 ratios applied by fertigation on nutritional status, fruit set, yield, and marketable yield of pomegranate trees cv. Wonderful was evaluated. The trees were provided with five nutrient solutions with the same total nitrogen level (200 units/ha) but with different (NH4)2SO4:Ca(NO3)2 ratios (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40). Increasing the (NH4)2SO4 ratio from 60 to 100% significantly reduced the nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) concentrations while significantly increasing P and Fe concentrations in pomegranate leaves. The highest (NH4)2SO4 proportion (100%) induced a reduction in both chlorophyll content and dry matter values in pomegranate leaves. The maximum fruit set (33.65% and 31.40%) and the minimum fruit drop (6.74% and 6.25%) were recorded at the applied ratio of 60% of (NH4)2SO4:40% of Ca(NO3)2. The applied proportion of 70% of (NH4)2SO4:30% of Ca(NO3)2 provided the minimum fruit sunburn (9.54% and 9.74%) and fruit cracking (6.45% and 5.64%), maximum yield (33.62 and 33.00 kg/tree), and marketable yield (27.41 and 27.93 kg/tree) in the 2019 and 2020 seasons, respectively. Our results provide valuable information about the effects of partial replacement of nitrogen fertilizer from (NH4)2SO4 with nitrogen fertilizer from Ca(NO3)2 on the growth characteristics of pomegranate trees cv. Wonderful.
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Abdulwahed Aboukarima,
2022
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The effect of (NH4)2SO4:Ca(NO3)2 ratios applied by fertigation on nutritional status, fruit set, yield, and marketable yield of pomegranate trees cv. Wonderful was evaluated. The trees were provided with five nutrient solutions with the same total nitrogen level (200 units/ha) but with different (NH4)2SO4:Ca(NO3)2 ratios (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40). Increasing the (NH4)2SO4 ratio from 60 to 100% significantly reduced the nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) concentrations while significantly increasing P and Fe concentrations in pomegranate leaves. The highest (NH4)2SO4 proportion (100%) induced a reduction in both chlorophyll content and dry matter values in pomegranate leaves. The maximum fruit set (33.65% and 31.40%) and the minimum fruit drop (6.74% and 6.25%) were recorded at the applied ratio of 60% of (NH4)2SO4:40% of Ca(NO3)2. The applied proportion of 70% of (NH4)2SO4:30% of Ca(NO3)2 provided the minimum fruit sunburn (9.54% and 9.74%) and fruit cracking (6.45% and 5.64%), maximum yield (33.62 and 33.00 kg/tree), and marketable yield (27.41 and 27.93 kg/tree) in the 2019 and 2020 seasons, respectively. Our results provide valuable information about the effects of partial replacement of nitrogen fertilizer from (NH4)2SO4 with nitrogen fertilizer from Ca(NO3)2 on the growth characteristics of pomegranate trees cv. Wonderful.
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Abdulwahed Aboukarima,
2022
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The focal objective of the current research is to apply artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods for modeling the performance attributes of a mechanization unit (tractor-chisel plow) during the plowing process under both different soil types and working variables. Two different parameters to represent working conditions and soil type were considered as potential input parameters. The first parameter represented soil type by calculating soil texture index as a combination of clay, silt, and sand. The second one was constructed into one dimensionless parameter, namely the field working index. This index linked most working variables such as plowing speed, plow width, soil moisture content, soil bulk density, tractor power, and plowing depth. The performance of the created ANN and MLR models was appraised by computing mean-absolute-error criterion for the testing dataset. The mean absolute error values for draft force, effective field capacity, fuel consumption, drawbar power, overall energy efficiency, rate of plowed soil volume, and loading factor, were 1.44 kN, 0.03 ha/h, 1.17 L/h, 2.28 kW, 0.68%, 73.97 m3/h, and 0.08 (decimal), respectively, when the ANN model was applied. In addition, coefficient of determination (R2) acted as a criterion for judging the performance of the developed models, and their values when ANN was applied were 0.569, 0.384, 0.516, 0.454, 0.486, 0.777, and 0.730 for the same performance attributes, respectively. When the MLR model was applied, the corresponding values of R2 were 0.239, 0.358, 0.352, 0.429, 0.511, 0.482, and 0.422, respectively, for the same attributes. The current study adds to the standing literature by contributing data and information regarding the performance attributes of a tractor-chisel plow unit under specific working variables and soil types. In addition, the models developed for plowing operations in different soil texture and under the field working index are recommended for use in budgeting for diesel consumption, in calculating operation cost, in matching mechanization units of tractor-chisel plows, in estimating energy requirements of tractor-chisel plow combinations, الملخص
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Nahed Ismail,
2022
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As greenhouse production is considered the most water-conservative solution in the agricultural sector, greenhouse technology has become an integral approach for modern crop production methods. Different types of greenhouse structures are used to produce crops, and each type has advantages for a particular application, having been designed to meet multiple and specific requirements. This paper introduces a quality function deployment (QFD) framework to select two optimal greenhouse types (single-span and multi-span). This study aims to demonstrate greenhouse management and practices and review the development efforts during the last two decades. A market survey, focus group discussion, and personal interviews revealed nine key performance indicators (KPIs) (cost, wind loads, crop loads, roof slope, light transmission, fl1exibility, maintainability, rapid spread/ease of control, and heating and ventilation). Then, the participating decision-makers identified nine functional requirements, which, if fulfilled, would boost client satisfaction. The framework designed in this paper was developed to select and analytically investigate the optimal system for greenhouse microclimate control based on the retrieved KPIs and functional requirements for client satisfaction. This QFD framework can assist decision-makers, in the preliminary phase, in selecting optimal systems for greenhouse microclimate control based on their individualized situations.
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Mohamed Ibrahim Al-Rajhi,
2022
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This study presents the possibility of killing almost all microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spore forms, and viruses by sterilization process. European foulbrood (EFB) and American foulbrood (AFB) is a highly infectious bacterial honeybee disease caused by Melissococcusplutonius and Paenibacillus larvae, respectively. Removal of spores from contaminated beehives is a critical factor in controlling EFB and AFB. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) in killing Paenibacillus larvae spores on PVC, and wood hives. Hives infected with Paenibacillus larvae spores were treated with two UV powers (6 and 8 W) for up to 15 min. Sterilization at 8 W for 15 min resulted in a more than 6.6 log reduction in the number of Paenibacillus larvae spores on the PVC hives. Under the same experimental conditions, the reduction in wood hives was 6.2 log. Reductions achieved in Paenibacillus larvae spores on PVC hives after 5, 10 and 15 min of sterilization were significantly (p?0.05) higher than those on wood hives. So it is recommended to sterilize hives contaminated with spores with UV lamps.
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ayman abdel-khalik ibrahim,
2022
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Tomatoes are consumed as fresh and processed products, which contain nutritionally important phytonutrients. It is necessary to use a rapid and reliable analytical method to monitor the quality of tomato products. The study was conducted to study the feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and color measurement with data obtained from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), for monitoring the change in tomato juice, as a consequence of thermal and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments at different conditions. Partial least squares regression was applied to assess the correlation between HPLC values of ascorbic acid (A.A.), lycopene (Lyc.), ?-carotene (?-car.), and NIRS. The correlation was confirmed with R2 P of .82, .92, and .91 based on the lowest values of the standard error of prediction (SEP) for A.A., Lyc., and ?-car., respectively. The lowest degradation of A.A. (35% and 49%), Lyc. (12% and 3.6%), and ?-car. (23.3% and 18.4%) was recorded for juice thermally processed and HHP treated, respectively.
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