A survey of spider community composition and diversity associated with foliage of two ornamental plants (Lantana shrubs and Croton trees) was carried out in the Orman garden. Foliage beating, hand collecting and sweep nets were used. Numbers of collected spiders were pooled and analysed for species diversity using Shannon-Wiener Index, evenness, Simpson Index and Sørensen Quotient of Similarity.
A total of 567 spiders grouped in 13 families belonging to 34 genera and more than 34 species. Vegetation type influenced spider abundance. Lantana shrubs received 263 individuals belonged to 25 genera, 27 species of 13 families, while Croton trees received 304 individuals belonged to 21 genera, 22 species of 10 families.
Five families contained 85.17% of the total collected spiders; they are Miturgidae, Philodromidae, Salticidae, Theridiidae and Araneidae. Miturgidae was the most abundant family (20.1%) followed by Philodromidae (19.75%), Salticidae (18.3%), Theridiidae (14.6%) and Araneidae (12.3%). The other remaining families represented 14.6% of the total catch.
Guild structure analysis revealed seven feeding guilds namely, stalker, ground runner, foliage runner, ambusher, orb web spiders, space weaver and wandering sheet spiders. Guild structure varied considerably in relation to the structural quality of vegetation; the foliage runner, stalker and ambusher spider guilds were the dominant feeding guilds on Lantana representing 14.5, 12.3 & 11.5%, respectively of the total collected spiders, while the orb web spiders, the space weavers and the ambushers were the dominant feeding guilds on Croton representing 13.8, 12.8 and 12.7, respectively.

Abundance and fluctuation of the three sucking pests, Tetranychus urticae Koch, Aphis gossypii Glover and Bemisia tabaci (Gann.) were studied on three eggplant cultivars (Baladi-white, Florida Market and Baladi-Black) during two successive seasons 2009 and 2010. T. urticae occurrence continued almost all the season and reached its maximum at the end of June or the beginning of July; A. gossypii reached the highest abundance in the middle of September while B. tabaci reached the maximum abundance at the end of July and first half of August. Variance in susceptibility among tested cultivars was recorded on bases of the abundance averages overall the two seasons. Florida Market, Baladi-White and Baladi-Black were the most resistant cultivars against T. urticae, A. gossypii and B. tabaci, respectively. On the other hand Baladi-White, Baladi-Black and Baladi-White were the most susceptible cultivars to the same pests, respectively. Phytoseiulus persimilis proved to be a good biocontrol agent against T. urticae at release ratios of 1:5 and 1:10 prey : predator. A reduction appeared one week after release, generally it revealed 68.60 and 88.20 % mean reduction ratio for both release ratios, respectively.

Studies on some ecological aspects of Kilifia acuminata (Signoret) and its associated parasitoids on mango trees were carried out in Inshas El- Raml district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during two successive years (2007-2008 and 2008-2009). The obtained results revealed that total alive stages had two to three peaks of activity yearly in both top and bottom levels of the trees. Metaphycus sp. and Coccophagus sp. were recorded as parasitoids of K. acuminata. The pest activity appeared three generations annually either in the top and bottom levels of mango trees. Each generation was lasted about 4 months. They periods were from March to June, July to October and November to February, respectively. The total effects of a biotic factors (Temp.ºC, RH% and Light intensity Lux) under this study on the total numbers of alive stages during the two years were 84.17 and 38.30 % in the top level and 85.87 and 43.76 % in the bottom one, successively. Preferable level and preferable leaf surface of K. acuminata and its associated parasitoids were studied.

Obtained data shoed that the type of prey and temperature affected significantly on C. eruditus male and female biology. As it prolonged C. eruditus life stages when fed on eggs of Rhizoglyphus robini at 20 ºC, while it was significantly decreased when fed on eggs of Callosbrucus maculates at 30 ºC.there was a significant effect on the predator fecundity when fed on different prey and temperature, as C. eruditus female deposited 49.92 eggs at 30 ºC when fed on R. robini eggs.

Two insect growth inhibitors (TGRS) were evaluated against the cotton leafworm spodoptera litorollis (BOISD) and eight insecticides belonging to three different groups, (four pyrethroids, three organophosphorous and one carbomate) determined against the cotton bollworms.

In the present study, one day old eggs laboratory colony of Pectinophora gossypiella, were treated with estimated LC50 values of lufenuron 5%, chlorfluazuron 5% and chromafenozide 80% (3.471, 4.189 and 122.703 ppm respectively), to study their effects on percentage of hatchability and duration of subsequent larval, pupal, immature stages and longevity, fecundity and fertility of resulted adults. The obtained results clear that the percentage of hatchability of treated eggs were 49.6, 51.0 and 53.0 for the three tested compounds, respectively oppose to 97% in untreated control. The incubation period of the hatched eggs was 6.5, 4.7, 6.2 and 3.2 days at three (IGRS) and control, respectively. Also, the treatments affected the subsequent stages it caused significant effects on larval and pupal duration, weight and malformations. On the other hand, the adult stage resulted from treated eggs was highly affected by the three (IGRS). All the compounds especially chlorfluazuron 5% caused increasing in adult longevity and reduced the respective fecundity and fertility compared to control. The biochemical effects of the tested insect growth regulators as chitin synthesis inhibitor (CSI) against larvae resulted from (treated one-day old eggs) was studied. The obtained results indicated that the tested IGRS reduced the glucose, protein and carbohydrate contents. Also, the tested IGRS elicited inhibitory effect on alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspirate amino transferase (AST).

Insecticide and repellent activity of an acetone extract and oil from fresh leaves of Pelargonium x hortorum (cv. Orangesonne) were evaluated against the 2nd and 4th instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The oil showed medium toxicity against the 2nd instar and low toxicity against the 4th instar larvae, while the extract showed high signifi cant toxicity at all concentrations tested against the two instars. On the other hand, both oil and extract exhibited highly signifi cant repellency against the two tested instars. Volatile constituents of the oil were also identified by GC-MS analysis.

Two insect growth in hibitots (IGI’s) were evaluated against the cotton leaf worm spodoptera litorallis (Boisd) and eight insecticides belonging to three different groups; (four pyrethroids, three organo phosphorous and one carbamate) were determined against the cotton bollworms (the pink and spiny bollworms) in2009 cotton growing season in EL-Beheria Governorate. The side effects of these tested compounds against certain sucking pests were also studied.

Reduction in cotton leafworm larval coint was determined after the application of the two evaluated IGI’s. the overall mean showed significant difference between the two IGI’s and the untreated check with mean values of 298.7 larvae for cascade®. 232.4 larvae for carbris® and 2199 larvae /100 plants for control. The genral mean of larval reduction was 87.5% for cabris® where it was 85.3% for cascade®. Regarding the side effects of the tested IGI’s on the prevalent sucking pests there is no appearance of aphid ,Aphis gossypii,
White fly, Bemisia tabaci , abd the red spider mite, tetranychus cinnabarinus both before and after spraying while jassid, Empoasca lybica recorded the only foundation. The means of jassid number wee fluctuated and in general , there were significant differences between the treated plots and the untreated plot but there was no difference between the treated plots themselves.
Infestation reduction and larval content of bollworms were determined.Data obtained that in general, pyrethroids had got general means of infestation reduction percentages .where organo phosphorous insecticides exhibited general means of infestation reduction % ranged between 74.8 and 83.6% (The only tested carbamate compound was considered to be least effective with infestation reduction Concerning thr overall mean of infestation there were no significant difference between the pyrethroid treatments and also between the organ phosphorous treatments while they were differed significantly with the untreated check.
The side effect of the applied insecticides on the sucking pests,Aphis gossypii, Besmisia tabaci, Empoasca lybica and tetranychus cinnabarinus were studied. Te overall mean numbers cleared that there were significant differences between the running treatments which in general reduced the overall mean number of these pests compared with the untreated check.

In modern agriculture, the most critical problem for increasing yield and developing sustainable agriculture is sufficient fertilizers supply and successful crop protection against herbivores and pathogens. Field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Egypt to investigate the influence of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers at their recommended rates per feddan (NPK units ratio of 66:30:24) on the population densities of jassid, Impoasca spp.; cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius infesting cotton plants cv. Giza 89 during 2009 and 2010 seasons. Also, the effect of tested fertilizers on cotton plants growth was studied. Seven fertilizer treatments i.e. N, P, K, NP, NK, PK and NPK were evaluated. Obtained results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced the population density of Impoasca spp. whereas, it enhanced the population densities of both A. gossypii and B. tabaci in the two seasons of study. Plants fertilized with potassium either alone or in combinations with others were significantly infested with the lowest population densities of Impoasca spp. and A. gossypii and were infested with moderate numbers of B. tabaci. Phosphorus fertilizer proved to be very effective in lowering the incidence of B. tabaci on treated plants, but it increased the density of Impoasca spp. significantly. Plants treated with NPK in combination were infested with moderate population densities of the three insects. In both seasons of our study, the highest average numbers of squares and green bolls per cotton plant were observed on plants treated with NPK. On the contrary, plants which fertilized with K only significantly fruited the lowest means of squares and green bolls per plant. Further studies should be done to limit the adequate combination of N, P and K for cotton maximum production and minimum insects infestation under Egyptian agricultural conditions.

"The field experiment was conducted during summer and winter seasons to evaluate seven varieties of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for their relative susceptibility against some sap sucking pests Tetranychus urticae Koch, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadieu), Aphis craccivora Koch, Thrips tabaci Lindquist and leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). The tested bean varieties were: Medina (V1), R9251 (V2), Teresa (V3), Luvalde (V4), Al-Hanna (V5), Alexandria (V6) and Excalibur (V7). None
of the varieties escaped the infestation of all these pests. Generally the population of T. urticae and T. tabaci were higher in summer than in winter, while population of B. tabaci and L. trifolii were higher in winter. Relative susceptibility of bean plants
changed according to plantation season as, V6, V6, V5, V6 and V3 hosted the less number of T. urticae, B. tabaci, A. craccivora, T. tabaci and L. trifolii in winter season, respectively. While in summer plantation, V5, V1, V4, V1 and V7 hosted the less number of the same pests, respectively."