Abstract: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
• Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Economics. Egyptian Association of Agricultural Economics. Vol.(29), No.(4), Cairo, Egypt, December 2019.
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The research aims to study and analyze the consumption expenditure on the meat group, what is the expenditure pattern for both rural and urban areas, and to identify the main factors affecting the consumption expenditure in rural and urban Egypt, during 2010/2011, 2014/2015 to develop some indicators for policy makers and decision makers to raise the nutritional and health level of the population, living standards and well-being, and to achieve this goal, the following points are discussed: (1) The relative importance of consumer spending on meat group in the Egyptian food structure. (2) Study the production, consumption, size of the gap, the ratio of self-sufficiency and average per capita meat.(3) Study the average per capita, calories, protein and fat for the meat group. (4)Studying the distribution of consumer spending on meat group for both rural and urban areas. (5) Study the fairness of the distribution of rural-urban spending for the meat group. (6)Estimation of the functions and spending elasticity of meat group in rural and urban Egypt during the studied periods.(7) Factors affecting the consumption expenditure of the meat group in rural Egypt.The most important results of the study are:
• The meat group ranked first in the percentage of total expenditure on food and drink compared to other main food groups, which reached in rural (46%,28.9%) in 2010/2011 and (29.6%, 27.0%) in 2014. Followed by vegetables and grains group (25.8%, 12.7), (24.8%, 12.1%) in 2010/2011, and (11.7%, 12.6%), (11.7%, 10.7%) in 2015, but Non-alcoholic beverages and other food products are delayed.
• Studying the production, consumption, gap size, self-sufficiency ratio and average per capita meat for the two periods (2010/2011, 2014/2015).Increasing the food gap and reducing the self-sufficiency ratio of red meat more than that of white meat and fish meat.The average per capita meat, calories, protein and fat decreased in the average years 2011, 2015 compared to global estimates
• Studying the distribution of consumer spending on meat group for both rural and urban areas: Shows that: The Gini Coefficient was 0.01in rural Egypt in 2011 and 0.05 in 2015, The Gini Coefficient was 0.10 in rural Egypt in 2011 and 0.16 in 2015, This shows a decrease in the fairness of the distribution of consumer spending on meat in 2015 compared to 2011. The continuing trend of rising Gini coefficient indicates a threat to society in fair distribution of spending.
• Studying the estimation of consumer spending functions and the value of elasticity show that:
• For the rural areas, the expenditure elasticity of the meat group in the double logarithmic model showed that an increase in total per capita consumer spending by about 10% leads to an increase in per capita expenditure on meat in rural Egypt by ((3.3%, 5.3%) .In urban elasticity of the meat group the double logarithmic mode showed that by increasing total consumption per capita by about 10%, it increases the individual expenditure on meat group in urban Egypt by (5.0%, 6.1%) for the studied years respectively, that mean the meat group is an necessary commodity in rural and urban Egypt.
• Factors affecting consumption of meat group in rural and urban Egypt:-Income Level:- In rural Egypt, the difference in the average per capita expenditure on meat group and Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverage group according to the level of household income for 2010/2011 and 2014/2015 increased by 21.2% and 24.1% in 2014/2015 In 2010/2011 it reached about 12.5% and 14.5% respectively .In urban Egypt: the percentage difference in the average per capita expenditure on meat group and Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverage group according to the level of household income decreased in 2010/2011 from 30.1% to 23.3% in 2014/2015 compared to 2010/2011 where It was about 54% and 52% respectively. There was no significant difference at the statistical level 0.05 for the average per capita expenditure for rural or urban according to income level Rural income level between 2010/2011 and 2014/2015.
• Impact of household size:-Rural Egypt notes that there are no differences in average per capita expenditure on meat and Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverage group, with the increase in household size. For the years 2010/2011 and 2014/2015 only a small percentage amounted to about 37.8%, 39.5% in 2014/2015 compared to 2010/2011, which amounted to about 36.8%, 35.8%, respectively.For urban Egypt: there are no differences in the average per capita expenditure on meat group and Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverage, with the increase of household size in 2010/2011 and 2014/2015 only by a small percentage where the difference coefficient reached about 40.5%, 42.7% in 2014/2015, Compared to 2010/2011 of 43.0% and 40.5% respectively.
• The approximate convergence in the consumption patterns of the rural areas compared to the urban areas, as well as the value of the coefficients of the difference in the average per capita expenditure on meat, where it increased in urban (43%, 40.5) than in the rural (36.8%, 37.8%) for the periods 2010/2011, 2014/2015 This can be said to be different in the consumption pattern of the individual consumers of meat than in the countryside with increasing family size. Measuring the geographical and temporal impact on the average per capita expenditure on meat group according to household size shows that there was a noticeable change in the average per capita expenditure on meat group according to household size in rural areas between 2010/2011 and 2014/2015.
• Educational level of the head of household: there is an increase in the average per capita expenditure All food and drink groups, as well as meat groups, have a high educational level for the head of household in both rural and urban areas in general. Statistical significance was established at the 0.05 level of the average per capita expenditure on the meat group for the countryside according to the level of household head education, for the period 2010/2011, while it was not established for the period 2014/2015. Marked average per capita expenditure on meat group according to the level of education of head of household in rural and urban Egypt between 2010/2011 and 2014/2015.
Recommendations:
1. Confronting the increase in consumer demand resulting from the population increase by reviewing the structure of wages and increasing production from the necessary food groups, especially the meat group.
2. Take measures to control sudden price hikes that threaten the level of spending on essential goods.
3. Working to achieve justice by raising the standard of living for rural incomes, to reduce the disparity between rural and urban areas in the standard of living and food in particular.
4. Taking into account in the development of the productive and consumer policy economic and social factors such as income, the number of family members, and the cultural situation of the head of the family as factors that greatly affect the food consumption pattern in particular.
5. The necessity of the participation of those interested in consumption research in researching the family budget due to the recent developments, rapid changes in society and the realism of the data, which is what appeared when collecting the research data.
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