Within the value chain analysis, how much value is created is cannot be avoided, and how it is distributed. This is an extra accounting point of view, and we titled it a value assessment approach. Particularly for the context of agribusiness chains, the question of how much value each actor creates, and how it gets is on the constant discussion. Sincethe main characteristic of agri-food chains is the different farm and at farm gate marketstructures,whereprimarystagesshowaspectsofcompetitionwhile industry and distribution tend to show degrees of market power, this conductsfrequentconflictsbetweenactors.Beingabletodevelopindicators in this regard, helps to better understand and tackle those conflicts. Where, development organizations have been playing a central role enriching the body of point of view. Mainly with intervention objectives and with the aimofgivingtheirtechniciansatooltoworkwithvaluechainactors,there has been a proliferation of manuals and guidelines. This isimportant particularlytotheagri-foodsector,asdevelopingcountriesenterintofood globalvaluechainsasprimaryproducers,inmostcaseswithscarceornone value-added, and showing poor conditions for the actorsinvolved. Havingobtainedthesetools,approaches,andpointofviewsthatoperate asmethodologicalframeworksfortheanalysisofagribusinessvaluechains, and with a better understanding of the multidimensional aspects of the concept, further analysis should be oriented to develop mathematical framework models and objective indicators to measure competitiveness and performance in agribusiness value chains. Where,the aim of this research is to compare three methods of trace competitiveness and performanceinagribusinessvaluechains.TheeffectsofAgribusinessvalue chains assessment (AVCA), environmental agribusiness value chains assessment (EAVCA) and environmentally extended input-output agribusinessanalysis(EE-IOAA)asavaluechainconfirmedthattheentire waterconsumptionformaximumcultivationreducedby28.159and28.181% inside the old and new lands of Egypt and that the overall region of crops isprobably931749.034and319914.983hectaresplantedwithintheantique and new lands of Egypt, in addition to the anticipated model presents a higher net benefit than the current model. The general net profit of the heterogeneouscaseemergesas186530.800and69395.275millionEPbetter than the full of thehomogeneous case (166259.954 and 20074.227 million EP) after applying the model, further to the entire cost of crops in heterogeneouscase40629.067and13102.565millionEPthatdidnotreach thetotalhomogeneouscase(34968.102and8436.099millionEP).Thisend resultmayadditionallyimplythatthedistinctionamongtheheterogeneous instances had a massive impact on the optimal solution. According to financial and economic analyzes, the inner annual rate of return (IRR) became better than the current model of the area and increased by 14.98 and 118.32% within the vintage and new lands of Egypt, and the absolute riskofoptimalcultivationisdecreasedby23.31and65.61%.Forthisreason, the Agribusiness value chain assessment (AVCA) as a value chain can be applied in the agriculture sector within the land ofEgypt.

ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ • Indian Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, Vol.(1), No.(2), October 2020. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA)is an approach to manual the management of agriculture inside the epoch of climate change. The abstract idea was first released in 2009, and due to then has been reshaped through inputs and interactions of stakeholders concerned in growing and achieving the concept. Climate-smart agriculture goals to supply globally relevant standard son dealing with agriculture for food security under neath climate change that could provide found at ion for politicking guides and pointers through multilateral organizations, inclusive of UN’s FAO. The major features of the climate-smart agriculture approach have been grown in reaction to limitations in the international climate politicking arena in the grasp of agriculture’s role in food security and its capability for shooting synergies among adaptability and mitigation. Recent controversies that have arisen over climate-smart agriculture is rooted in longest and in debates in each climate and sustainable agricultural developed policy spheres. The sein clued the role of growing countries, and especially their agricultural sectors, in reduction worldwide GHG emissions, as well as the choice of technologies that may be enhanced sustainable shapes of agriculture. Since the term climate-smart agriculture’ becomes widely adopted before the evolution of an official conceptual frame to perform the approach, there has been substantial variation in meanings applied to the term, which also contributed to controversies. As the body of work on the concept, methods, apparatus and programs of the climate- smart agriculture technique expands, it’s far turning into clearer what it may offer. Ultimately, climate-smart agriculture’s utility might be judged by way of its effectiveness in integrating climate change reaction into sustainable agricultural growth strategies on the ground, The aim of this. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ

_______________________________________________________________________________________________ • Ph. D. in Agricultural Science (Agricultural Economics), Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Banha University, 2020. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ The study also shows the role of unconventional fodder in increasing red meat production on the one hand and the use of waste and recycling it to protect the environment from pollution on the other hand, so this study is necessary to demonstrate the economic importance of unconventional fodder in the Arab Republic of Egypt and its role in enriching the economic development of livestock in Egypt. The problem of the study is the inability of the productive capacity of the feed resources of farm animals in Egyptian agriculture to cover the animal needs of these resources. This deficit in food for ruminant animals is estimated at about 4.2 million tons of digested foodstuffs. Feeds represent the largest aspect of the cost of animal production in Egypt to meet the needs of The increased demand for it as a result of the increase in population and the increase in the standard of living on the one hand and the increase in healthy food awareness on the other hand despite the increase in the quantities produced from it especially in light of the decline in per capita share from about 11 kg / year in 2000 to about 9 kg / year in 2017, With a permanent gap in the production of red meat amounted to about -618,000 tons, which led to an increased dependence on food imports of animal products in general and red meat products from 1.1 billion pounds in 2003 to about 25 billion pounds in 2017, especially after the liberalization of the exchange rate To meet the necessary needs, which has resulted in an increase in the level of red meat prices that is not commensurate with the income levels, which constitutes an additional burden on the family budget, especially the portion allocated for spending on red meat in Egypt, This is in addition to the reluctance of many producers to work in the field of animal husbandry for several reasons, including the high prices of fodder and workers ’wages, with a deficit in the quantities of those fodder, as the size of the animal feed gap reached about 12.8 million tons of plant feed in the same year, and the severity of this problem increases Due to the shortage of animal feed materials in Egypt, in addition to the waste in agricultural by-products and by-products of some field crops, which are disposed of in negative ways, Thus, these products are treated as a burden that must be disposed of and not an important economic and environmental resource. Therefore, full use of them should be made through the optimum exploitation and recycling in the unconventional feed industry, especially with the continuous increase in the production of these wastes with a gap and deficit in the quantities of feed Animal. _______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________ • Master Thesis: Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, 2020. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Legume crops are considered to be one of the most important agricultural crops in Egypt. It is the first bean crop in Egyptian terms of cultivated area and total production. Consumption, where green and dry seeds are used in human nutrition due to the high content of protein up to 30% and carbohydrates to 58% in addition to it contains vitamin A, B, and C, and is characterized by high potassium, iron and calcium, and uses the bean husk and the result of secondary known as hay Beans as feed for livestock and poultry, as well as a course in improving soil properties and fertility by increasing atmospheric nitrogen to the soil will benefit the next crop grown after faba bean. Despite the economic and social importance of the faba bean crop in Egypt, domestic production does not meet the consumption requirements, the area cultivated from this strategic crop decreased during the period (1990 - 2015) from about 344.6 thousand feddans in 1990 to about 81.9 thousand feddans in 2015, a decrease of about 76% of the cultivated area in 1990. Hence the problem of this study is the existence of a food gap between what is produced and consumed from this crop, especially in light of the steady increase in the population, which led to an increase in the quantity of imports to meet the requirements of national consumption, where amount of imports of faba bean increased from about 73 thousand tons From 2000 to about 650.79 thousand tons in 2016, an increase of about 891%, The value of imports reached 2153 million pounds in 2015. This study examined the food gap of faba bean and how to reduce it by studying the development of production, productivity, area, consumption, production costs, net yield, relative importance of production cost items, estimation of production functions, study of the efficiency of using agricultural resources, and the study of the most important factors affecting the function of faba bean supply response. _______________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Department of Economic Analysis for Agricultural Commodities, Agricultural Economics Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research Centre (ARC),September 2020. ________________________________________________________________________________________________