Six populations; P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 of six bread wheat crosses were used in this study to determine quantitative genetic parameters for days to heading (DH), days to maturity (DM), grain filling period (GFP), grain filling rate (GFR), plant height (PH), number of spikes plant-1 (S/P), number of grains spike-1 (G/S), 100-grain weight(100-GW) and grain yield plant-1 (GY/P). The t-test of the differences between parents of each cross was highly significant in most cases in the six studied crosses. The genetic analysis showed that the genetic variance among F2 plants was genetically differed for all studied characters in the six wheat crosses. The results indicated the importance of both additive and epistasis gene effects in the inheritance of both DH and DM, while additive gene effect is important in inheritance of GFP, PH and 100-GW. Additive, dominance and epistasis gene effects are important in inheritance of GFR, S/P, and GY/P at most crosses. Estimate of heritability in broad sense (h2b.s) were high for all earliness traits and medium to high percentages for yield and yield component in most crosses. Heritability in narrow sense (h2n.s) had moderate to high estimates for earliness traits and GY/P in most crosses, however, it had low to moderate values for G/S and 100- GW at most cases. Genetic advance under selection (∆g%) was found to be low for DH, DM, GFP and PH at most cases. Meanwhile, it was medium to high for GFR, S/P and GY/P at most cases. No associated molecular marker with wheat earliness could be detected following application of 18 random primer (10 decamers and 8 15 mer ones) against all of the nine DNA templets isolated from the different early or late maturity genotypes. The second peroxidase isozyme exhibited high activity in early genotypes and lower activity in late ones with exception of late Bc2 the same trend was detected exactly with the second esterases isozymes. On the other hand no relationship was detected between the two cataase isozyme and wheat earliness. The early groups showed high intensities for the third protein band and low intensities in Line 3 (late)and the late groups, this protein band may be associated with earliness.

This study was carried out to study heterotic response and combining ability in grain sorghum crosses .

Thirty exotic cytoplasmic male sterile lines (CMS) and two restorer lines viz. Local 129 as tall variety and NES 1007 as short dual purpose variety , were sown at Shandaweel Research Station (Sohag) in 1994 season. The thirty CMS lines were top crossed with the two restorers to develop 60 top crosses (thirty with Local 129 and thirty with NES 1007). These top crosses along with the two restorer lines were evaluated in completely randomized block design with three replications at Assiut Agriculture Research Farm Assiut University and Sohag (Shandaweel Research Station) in 1995 season.
Data were recorded on days to 50 % blooming , plant height, leaf area, panicle length, panicle width, 1000 grain weight and grain yield. The collected data were statistically analyzed for each location and over both locations. Also the combining ability was estimated from the line × tester analysis and the correlation among pairs of traits were estimated

Two field experiments were carried out in 1991-1992 (in Gemmezah Res Sta.) and 1992-1993 (in BahteeMRes. Sta.) to evaluate 12 wheat genotypes (Giza 155, 157, 160, 162, 163,164,165, Sakha 8, 69, 92, Gemmezah 1, and Yecora) grown under 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg / fad. seeding rates. Results showed that:
1- Seeding rates had significant effect on heading date, maturity date, flag leaf area, number of kernels / spike , and grain yield /fad.
In 1991-1992 increasing seeding rate reduced grain yild due to a reduction in harvest index.
2- The evaluated genotypes markedly varied in all growth, developmental and yield characters. In 1991 -1992 season, the highest grain yield was recorded with Giza 165 and Giza 164. In 1992-1993 Giza 157 was the best variety.
3- In 1991 - 1992, sowing Giza 162 at 50 kg/ fad. recorded the highest grain yield / fad., whereas in 1992-1993 the highest grain yield/fad. was recorded by Giza 163 seeded at 60 kg/fad.
4. Path - coefficient analysis indicated that kernels weight spike-1 had the highest direct effect (-0.81), in the 1992-1993 season, on grain yield, but its direct effect was fairly moderate (0.33) in the 1991-1992 season.
5. Flag liaf area, in the 1992 -1993 season, had the highest direct effect (0.77).

The present thesis concerned with studying the methods of improving productivity of both peanut and sesame in the new reclaimed soils through the application of major and minor elements by using the traditional methods in this respect. Here six field experiment were carried out during the two growing seasons of 1993 and 1994 to study the effect of some nutrient element, i.e. major and micro on growth and yield of groundnut (Giza5 c.v.) and sesame ( Giza25 c.v.) on desert land. These experiment were carried out on the Agricultural Experimental Station of Assiut University in El-Ghorieb (20 kg East Assiut City) . The results obtained showed that peanut yield per unit area tended to react to the higher rates of nitrogen, i.e. 100 kg/fed nitrogen and phosphorus, i.e. 111 kg/fed P2O5. Potassium fertilizer failed to show any significant effect in this respect. Here too application of 100ppm/fed of micronutrients such as Fe, Mn and Zn as a foliar spray favoured yield of pods. However, sesame reacted to lower rates of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium. Here the forementioned results proved that using the conventional method of application fertilizers as well as surface irrigation are not advisable in such experimental sites which represent desert land

The aim of the present study work was to find out some chemical methods for barley cultivar identification. Ten barley cultivars, i.e., sahrawy, Giza 119, Giza 117, Giza 121, Giza 123, Bonus, California, Emir, CC89 and L.366/13/1 were used. The chemical analysis for varietal identification were: general chemical composition; protein fractions obtained by different solvent; oil content and its fatty acid and unsaponifiable patterns, and protein fractions obtained by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and isozymes patterns of barley seeds. The results of the present work can be summereized as follows:
1- The values of the general chemical composition of the seeds differed according to the barley cultivars. According to the statistical analysis of the data, barley cultivars can be classified into different categories and the varietal belong to each category contained the same value of a particular chemical composition.
2- The proteins of barley grains were fractionated into albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins using different solvents. The data of protein fractions of barley seeds suggest that this parameter can be a useful approach to classify barley cultivars into different categories. Referring to statistical analysis, there were no significant differences between the individuals of each single category.
3- The oil content of barley cultivars was in the range of 1.91- 2.41%. Consequently, barley grains can be considered as a vary poor source of lipids. The iodine values of barley lipids of different varieties were in the rane of 102-130. Hence, barley lipids were belong to the semi-drying oil group.
4- The fatty acids of barley varieties were fractionated by GLC and 7 fatty acids were identified. The degree of unsaturation (DU) as well as the fatty acid patterns can be used as a criteria to differentiate between barley cultivars. In general, the results of DU demonstrated that barley cultivars can be classified into various categories. However, the fatty acid profile can be used as a finger print to distinguish barley varietal differences.
5- The hydrocarbons of the unsaponifiable fraction of barley lipids were fractionated by GLC. The levels of various hydrocarbons differed according to the barley cultivar. The chromatograms representing the hydrocarbon patterns of barley cultivars can be used as a finger print to characterize a particular barley culivar.
6- Barley proteins were fractionated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Also, the isozymes of certain enzyme systems of the barley cultivars were fractionated electrophoretically. According, to the electrophoregrams and zymograms of barley cultivars understudy taking into account a combination of spot or band numbers and location and differences in intensity ratio of spots or bands it is easy to characterize the barley cultivars.
7- It is conceivable that isozyme separation technique of barley cultivars is the method of choice for varietal differentiation especially alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes and esterase (+) isozyme enzyme systems.