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• Ph. D. in Agricultural Science (Agricultural Economics): Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, 2022.
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The study aimed to determine the dimensions of the food gap for the wheat crop in Egypt, and the results showed that the wheat foot security coefficient amounted to about 0.34, which is a value less than the correct one, which reflects the low state of food security from it. It was also found that a decrease in the amount of local production of wheat by 1% leads to an increase in the nutritional gap of wheat by 1.04%, while an increase in the population and the average per capita consumption of wheat by 1% leads to an increase in the nutritional gap of wheat By 1.33% and 1.79%, respectively, Consistent with the economic logic, the study recommended the necessity of creating an accumulation in the strategic wheat stock that is sufficient for local consumption for a period of 6 months, according to food security considerations.
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• Ph. D. in Agricultural Science: Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, 2022.
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Cooperatives play a fundamental role in agricultural development in many countries of the world, as is the case in some developing countries, led by Egypt, where they contribute a large share in providing agricultural needs and production requirements. And the establishment of the necessary facilities for production and marketing, including agricultural manufacturing units, warehouses, silos, distribution outlets, means of transportation, and others.
Egyptian agriculture faces several problems, whether production or marketing. This may be due to several reasons, perhaps the most important of which is the weakness and shrinking role of agricultural cooperatives, whether in providing services to farmers such as production requirements at reduced prices or marketing services for agricultural products. In light of the above, I aimed to propose a new system to activate the role of agricultural cooperatives to work towards achieving sustainable development, which requires studying several sub-goals represented in the factors affecting the capital of agricultural cooperative societies, the development of banks and loans provided by agricultural cooperative societies to serve their members, the role of agricultural cooperative societies in marketing Agricultural crops, the expected status of agricultural cooperatives in Egypt and the development of them.
Where the results of the statistical analysis showed that the capital of local associations for agricultural credit began to increase by a statistically significant amount, amounting to about 7.17 million pounds annually, representing about 8.13%. The associations’ money after the January Revolution amounted to about 37 thousand pounds annually, representing about 0.03% of the average for the period (2011-2020).
She also indicated that the number of agricultural village banks fluctuated between increase and decrease, as it reached its lowest in 2000 about 988 banks, while it reached its maximum in 2020 when it was estimated at about 1010 banks, while the general average for the period was about 1013 banks, the development of the possession of dealers in agricultural banks during the period (2000-2020), and from it it is clear that the possession of dealers in agricultural banks has fluctuated between increase and decrease, as the lowest in 2015 reached about 1.774 million feddans, while it reached its maximum in 2000 when it was estimated at about 4.275 million feddans, while the general average for the period was about 2.613 million acre.
The development of the value of wheat marketed cooperatively in agricultural credit associations showed that the value of wheat marketed cooperatively in agricultural credit associations fluctuated between increase and decrease, as the lowest value in 2011 reached about 72 million pounds, while it reached the highest value in 2015, when it was estimated at about 14968 million pounds, while it reached The average study period is about 4170 million pounds. The amount of cotton marketed cooperatively in agricultural credit associations decreased until the lowest quantity of cotton reached about 25 thousand quintals in 2013, then it began to increase by a statistically significant amount of about 6.06 thousand quintals annually, which represents about 2.01% of the average study period.
It turns out that the amount of sugar cane marketed cooperatively in agricultural credit associations fluctuated between increase and decrease, as the lowest amount was in 2001 about 7384 thousand tons, while it reached the highest amount in 2007 when it was estimated at about 16326 thousand tons, while the average for the study period was about 9337 thousand tons.
It turns out that the capital investments of cooperative societies for agrarian reform will be constant during the forecast period, as they will reach about EGP 144.1 million by 2023, which is no different from 2020 until 2030.
It turns out that the capital of water resources cooperative societies will increase during the forecast period, as it will reach about 2.459 million pounds by 2023, with a difference of 156 thousand pounds over 2020, or a rate of 6.8%, while it will reach by 2030, when it will be estimated at about 2.866 million pounds.
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• Ph. D. in Agricultural Science: Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 2020.
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The food problem is one of the most important strategic issues that receive special attention at all levels. It has political, social and economic dimensions. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the food security of the individual in Egypt, and to identify the most important obstacles to the demand for these products and their impact on food security and to determine the factors affecting the production and consumption of strategic goods. The study included four chapters, the first section of which was addressed in addition to the introduction that includes the importance of the study, the problem, the goal, and the data sources, in addition to the research method. This section examined the theoretical framework and the reference review of studies related to the subject of the study where these previous studies were divided to studies concerned with food commodities, secondly studies related to grains, third studies related to vegetables and fruits, the fourth was on studies related to animal production, and the fifth was on studies related to manufactured goods. The second chapter dealt with the current situation of productive and consumer energy and the food gap for the main agricultural commodity groups in Egypt and includes three chapters, the first of which addressed the productive capacity of food commodities for the most important food commodities, and the second consumed the energy consumption of food commodities in Egypt, and the third the food gap and the self-sufficiency ratio of food commodities Main. The third chapter dealt with the food balance and food security transactions for the main food groups in the Arab Republic of Egypt three chapters, where the first chapter deals with the food balance of the main food groups in Egypt, the second deals with food security transactions for the main food groups and their determining factors, and the third forecasts the production and consumption of the main food groups in Egypt. As for the fourth and final chapter, it deals with food security projects in Egypt and includes two chapters, where the first chapter deals with food security projects in the Arab Republic of Egypt, and the second reflects the repercussions of the January 2011 revolution and its impact on food security projects using mock variables. The study also included the summary and results in Arabic and English, recommendations, and references in Arabic and English and the annexes. The study clarified the indicators of food security and factors affecting food security through estimating the size of the food gap, the average per capita share, the percentage of self-sufficiency, daily local consumption, and the period of sufficient production for consumption per day and inventory. Strategic and food security coefficient Food security coefficients for the major food groups and their determinants and forecast production and consumption for the main food groups in Egypt the implications of the Yanai revolution 2011 and its impact on food security projects.
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• Ph. D. in Agricultural Science (Agricultural Economics): Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, El Fayom University, 2020.
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Water scarcity is the main determinant of agricultural production in the Arab world in general and Egypt in particular now and in the future. Water needs have increased dramatically, with the fixed quantity of the main water resource in Egypt at 55.5 billion m3, represented by the Nile River, where the amount of water needs amounted to about 76.25 billion m3, with a deficit of about 20.75 billion m3. The problem of the study shows the increasing gap between the water supply and demand with the increase of population and the increase of water requirements, which leads to a reduction in per capita fresh water to about 846.38 m3 per capita, which is less than the level of water poverty estimated at 1000 m3 per capita. Which has led to the need to study the best ways to manage and use water more efficiently.
The study aimed to analyze the impact of virtual water on the Egyptian agricultural trade balance, through several sub-objectives.
The study included four main chapters, in addition to the introduction that includes a problem and objectives of the study, data sources and research method, beside to Arabic-language and English-language summary, Arabic and foreign references, abstract, recommendations, and appendices.
The crops of the agricultural trade balance were divided into three categories according to their content of virtual water, which are high content crops, which contain more than 2000 m3/ton, and medium content crops, whose content ranges between 1000-2000 m3/ton, Crops of low content, which are less than 1000 m3/ton.
Some indicators were used, such as: Gini-Hirschman Coefficient, and Water Intensity Indicator. The Path Analysis Model and Asymmetry and causality tests were used using by NonLinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) method, to measure the effect of the most important factors on both the amount of exports and imports, and the amount of virtual water exported and imported. Linear programming and goal programming were used to achieve optimum scenarios for both export structure, imports and trade balance, with a higher water use and better economic return.
The study concluded with some suggested recommendations, then a summary of the most important results, and the references that used to serve the purpose of the study.
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• Ph. D. in Agricultural Science: Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, 2020.
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The problem of the study is that there are big marketing differences between the prices that the product gets against production costs and what the consumer pays for the same product when purchasing it.
In light of the research problem, a brief indication of the objectives of this thesis can be indicated:
Evolution of quantities and prices of the most important vegetable and fruit crops in the Nozha market during the period (2009-2018)
Seasonal study of crop prices under study in Al-Nuzha Market during the period (2009-2018)
By studying the productive and economic indicators of the study crops in the sample of farmers in the Nubaria region for the agricultural season (2017/2018), it was found that the profits of the pound spent for orange 1.6, grapes 2.5, tomatoes 2.1, and potatoes 2.1
Calculating the profitability of the retailer from the marketing paths of the study sample crops for the same season, it was found to be about 608 pounds / ton for oranges, 682 for grapes, 277 for tomatoes, 295 for potatoes.
And by studying the relative importance of the marketing problems of the study crops according to the opinions of marketers in the study sample, it was found that with regard to oranges, the problem of the lack of trained and sorting labor was the biggest problem facing producers by 44%, and for grapes and tomatoes, the problem of increasing collection costs by 76%, 82% for each Of them, for potatoes, the problem of lack of market information was 52% of the opinions of the producers
As for the relative importance of the marketing problems of the study crops according to the opinions of wholesalers, the problem of the farmer's lack of interest in sorting and grading operations and the lack of market information was the biggest problem facing merchants by 44%, and for grapes the problem of the lack of marketing structure in the local markets was 44%, and for tomatoes and potatoes it was The high prices of packages and the delay in sales operations are the biggest problems facing wholesalers
With regard to the relative importance of marketing problems according to the opinions of retailers for the most important horticultural crops of the study sample, it was found that for oranges, grapes and potatoes, the problem of monopoly of some traders and brokers was the biggest problem facing retailers by 62%, and for tomatoes, the problem of farmer's lack of interest in sorting and grading operations was the biggest problem with 46% of retailers' opinions.
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• Ph. D. in Agricultural Science (Agricultural Economics), Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Banha University, 2020.
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The study also shows the role of unconventional fodder in increasing red meat production on the one hand and the use of waste and recycling it to protect the environment from pollution on the other hand, so this study is necessary to demonstrate the economic importance of unconventional fodder in the Arab Republic of Egypt and its role in enriching the economic development of livestock in Egypt.
The problem of the study is the inability of the productive capacity of the feed resources of farm animals in Egyptian agriculture to cover the animal needs of these resources. This deficit in food for ruminant animals is estimated at about 4.2 million tons of digested foodstuffs. Feeds represent the largest aspect of the cost of animal production in Egypt to meet the needs of The increased demand for it as a result of the increase in population and the increase in the standard of living on the one hand and the increase in healthy food awareness on the other hand despite the increase in the quantities produced from it especially in light of the decline in per capita share from about 11 kg / year in 2000 to about 9 kg / year in 2017, With a permanent gap in the production of red meat amounted to about -618,000 tons, which led to an increased dependence on food imports of animal products in general and red meat products from 1.1 billion pounds in 2003 to about 25 billion pounds in 2017, especially after the liberalization of the exchange rate To meet the necessary needs, which has resulted in an increase in the level of red meat prices that is not commensurate with the income levels, which constitutes an additional burden on the family budget, especially the portion allocated for spending on red meat in Egypt,
This is in addition to the reluctance of many producers to work in the field of animal husbandry for several reasons, including the high prices of fodder and workers ’wages, with a deficit in the quantities of those fodder, as the size of the animal feed gap reached about 12.8 million tons of plant feed in the same year, and the severity of this problem increases Due to the shortage of animal feed materials in Egypt, in addition to the waste in agricultural by-products and by-products of some field crops, which are disposed of in negative ways, Thus, these products are treated as a burden that must be disposed of and not an important economic and environmental resource. Therefore, full use of them should be made through the optimum exploitation and recycling in the unconventional feed industry, especially with the continuous increase in the production of these wastes with a gap and deficit in the quantities of feed Animal.
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• Ph. D. in Agricultural Science (Agricultural Economics), Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 2019.
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The main objective of the study is taking shape in trying mostly yield of grain crop production through optimal use of available resources (water-Earth-capital) and the evolution of productivity indicators. The study also aims to study the size of the food gap, and self-sufficiency rate of major grain crops, using measurements of economic efficiency for the highest return for wheat and rice.
The four major sections of the study included plus references and appendices and Arabic-language summary and a summary in English, the first section benchmark review of previous studies and theoretical framework.
While the second section the status quo for the economics of grain crops in Egypt through three chapters, the first chapter dealing with the production and consumption of cereal crops, the second and third chapter then addressed the current situation of wheat and rice through size and production and productivity and total production Examining the costs and net revenue and farm price for wheat and examine the size of the food gap, and self-sufficiency ratio, average per capita consumption, and then the third section productivity indicators affecting the production of wheat and rice in three section, The first chapter deals with indicators of productivity of wheat at the provincial level, and geographic distribution of major wheat varieties in terms of cultivated area, as well as irrigation efficiency of wheat through his lesson the amount of water used to grow wheat, and the relative importance of the amount of water used in Wheat cultivation, chapter II indicators of productivity for rice and wheat but we have studied the geographical distribution of rice varieties in soil and short stay long stay in the soil, and also study the amount of water used for rice cultivation, Chapter III foreign trade of wheat, where import energy intake and geographical distribution of imports of wheat and rice export energy and geographical distribution of rice exports, and section four: take a sample field study through questionnaire for wheat and rice for estimating production functions and cost in eastern provinces and the Lake and Dakahliya, Kafr El-Sheikh to estimate efficiency of agricultural economic resources for the production of wheat and rice, and section Fifth : Measuring the economic efficiency of production of wheat and rice to each separately, by estimating the efficient use of available economic resources so as to rationalize the use of these resources, reduce production costs and increase production. Through the comparison between actual and optimal quantities used and the technical and economic efficiency which leads to more efficient use of resources and thus increase production and profits for farmers.
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• Ph. D. in Agricultural Science: Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, El zaqaziq University, 2020.
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• Ph. D. in Agricultural Science: Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, 2019.
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Food Structure Changes and its Effects on Poverty in Egypt, the problem of study was the case of changes in prices and consequent change in real value of entry. It also affected the change in the structure of consumption; The study included five chapter dealing with the first entrance of study, and the current situation and the future perception of food consumption in Egypt for the various food groups and the fourth. The current situation and the future perception of the main nutrients for the individual in Egypt and fifth changes in structure of food expenditure and poverty in Egypt, recommended the need to reduce the quantities of food energy, where the average per capita of about 4060.65 calories/day, which is higher than the recommended global average, which is for males aged 25 to 50 years about 2900 calories/day and for females the same age about 2,200 calories/ day, In addition, the importance of in-kind remittances in reducing the level of food poverty is needed. Those whose incomes are less than 14,000 LE are highly dependent on these transfers a direct impact on poverty. The importance of reducing agricultural imports has a negative impact on food poverty in long term.
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• Ph. D. in Agricultural Science: Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 2018.
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Food oils crops and their oil products are considered important strategic commodities in the national economy in general and in agriculture in particular, as they are one of the three most important commodity groups in terms of the value of imports, which are wheat, oil crops, and sugar crops. The problem of the study is the inability of local production of oils for Meeting the increasing consumer needs, which led to an increase in the nutritional gap of oils. The study aims mainly at the economic analysis of the nutritional gap of oils in Egypt, through several sub-objectives.
The study of the local production of food vegetable oils showed that the average local production amounted to about 177.06 thousand tons. The study of the development of local consumption of oils showed an increase in local consumption, as the average gross domestic consumption amounted to about 1003.37 thousand tons during the period (2000). - 2015).
As for the Egyptian foreign trade of food oils, it was found that the average amount of exports during the study period amounted to about 75,54 thousand tons, with a value of about 99.4 million dollars, representing about 0.45% and 2.95% of the average value of the total national and agricultural imports, respectively, during the same period. While the average quantity of imports amounted to about 896.94 thousand tons, with a value of about 950.69 million dollars, representing about 2.11% and 10.94% of the average value of the total national and agricultural imports, respectively, during the same period.
By studying the evolution of the size of the food gap and the rate of self-sufficiency of food oils in the Arab Republic of Egypt, it was found that the average size of the food gap and the rate of self-sufficiency of food oils during the study period amounted to about 826,31 thousand tons, 18.60%, respectively.
The study of the strategic stock and the food security coefficient for edible vegetable oils revealed that the value of the food security coefficient for edible vegetable oils amounted to about 0.43 during the period (2000-2015), and this indicates the relative increase in the value of the food security coefficient for edible vegetable oils, which is due to the quantity of imports, not production. local oils.
It was found from the standard analysis of the structure of the nutritional gap of vegetable oils by estimating the nutritional gap function of oils that the most important factors affecting the size of the gap are the amount of local consumption of oils, local production of oils, imports of oils, and population.
And by studying the economic possibilities to reduce the size of the food gap and improve the rates of self-sufficiency of food vegetable oils in Egypt, using the multi-objective linear programming method, where it was found that it was possible to reorganize the crop composition of field crops in the new lands with achieving a higher net return and reducing both the volume of water bottles used And the area of land used in the cropping installation, through two alternatives.
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