This study was conducted on 480 male sheep from three private farms in Sharkia Governorate. The surveyed cases were examined clinically for caseous lymphadenitis, 60 male sheep gave positive result for isolation of C.ovis.

The diseased sheep showed depression, loss of appetite & abscesses spread all over the body.

Blood picture of diseased sheep revealed signifieant drop in erythrocytic count, haemoglobin concentration & packed cell volume (macrocytic hypochromic anemia) with significant leucocytosis; neutrophilia, monocytosis & lymphopenia. Serum chemistry revealed significant increase in the activities of ALT & AST as well as urea & creatinine levels, while total protein & albumin revealed significant decrease. Globulin fraction revealed significant increase in y1 & y2 & decrease in B1 & B2 & serum testosterone concentration showed significant decrease.

Gross examination showed enlargement & abscess formation of variable size in lymph nodes. Severe congestion of most internal organs was noticed. The histopathological examination revealed degeneration & necrosis in the different layers of spermatogenesic cells C. ovis caused pathological changes in the testes & decreased testosterone level, therefore,C.ovis could be expected to decrease the reproduction in sheep.

This study was based on diagnosis of sheep pox infection in one private farm at Giza Governorate, Egypt. The clinical signs referred to sheep pox infection with 13.9% morbidity rat & 6.28% mortalities. By trials & isolation the collscted samples were inoculated on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The pock lesions give positive result after 5th day posinoculation. Different diagnostic techniques for viral detection were 62.5% & 87.5% positive by Agar gel precipitation test & fluorescent antibody test technique (FAT). FAT was found to be more sensitive than AGPT. SERological investigation revealed a 36.7% & 46.6% positive for antibodies by Agar gel immune diffusion test (AGIDT) & serum neutralization test (SNT), respectively.

The geamatological & serum biochemical analysis were done on sixty sheep, thirty of them harboured the sheep pox disease. The heamatological studies showed non significant changes, while the leukogram values revealed an increase in the total leukocytic count, absolute neutrophilia & significant decrease in lymphocytes. Serum biochemical analysis showed a significant elevation of serum urea, creatinine & serum enzymatic activities of ALT & AST. Protein profile of purified pox virus analysis was carried out by using sodium dodecyl sulphate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS- PAGE). The protin of virus revealed between 14 & 205 KDA. The infected sheep showed cutaneous eruptions in the form of circumscribed rounded papules of different sizes, vesicles with & pustules with exudation & scab formation.

For histopathological examination, skin biopsies from 9 animals were taken. The microscopical examination showed acanthosis, stratum spinosum cells undergo vacuolar degeneration which later produce vesicles, hyperplasia of the basal cell layer, cosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies of variable sizes occasionally observed in the cells of epidermis.

A total of 120 random samples of milk powder , dried milk-based baby foods , cappuccino and tea creamer (30 samples each ) were obtained from different shops and pharmacies in Assiut city.The samples were still valid for consumption as their shelf life was at least one year from the production date . These samples were examined for prevalence of Enterobacter sakazakii which could be isolated in percentage rates of 0 , 3.33, 6.67 and 0% , respectively using the isolation procedure with Enterobacteriaceae enrichment broth, which the isolation procedure with peptone water showed its percentage rate as 0 , 10, 0 and 0% respectively . Thus 3 different procedures were used for isolation of such organism , the enrichment broth was used in 2 procedure and one procedure was carried out without enrichment broth . The 2 procedures using enrichment were valuable for isolation of E.sakazakii then that used without enrichment . The results obtained in this study showed that dried milk-based baby foods were the worst in its contamination by E.sakazakii . However , cappuccino samples were of less contamination while milk powder and tea creamer samples failed to recover the organism . Other organisms related to genus Enterobacter could be isolated as E.aerogenes , E. agglomerans and E. intermedius.
Also , 29 isolates related to family Enterobacteriaceae could be isolated from the examined samples using 3 different methods of isolation . The isolates were found to be Cedecea species , Escherichia coli , Ewingella americana , Hafnia alvei ,Klebsiella pneumoniae , K. oxytyphi , K. rhinoscleromatis , K. terrigena , Pantoea species , Salmonella paratypei , A, Serratia marcescens , S. plymuthica , Shigella species and Yersinia species. Suggestive hygienic measures for improving the quality of milk powder and some dried milk-based foods and the public health hazard of E. sakazakii were recommended .

A total of 30 random samples of commercial mayonnaise were collected from different retailer is Assiut city. To assess their quality, the samples were examined microbiologically for the incidence and counts of aerobic plate count (APC), psychrotrophs, thermoduric, enterococci, colifrms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphyococcus aureus, anaerobes and yeasts & molds. The obtained results verify that total bacterrial, psychrotrophs, thermoduric and enterococci counts averaged 3x104, 1.7x103, 2.7x104 and 2.9x103/g of the examined mayonnaise samples, respectively. B. cereus could by isolated from 20% in numbers averaged 1x103/g of the examined mayonnaise samples. Yeasts & molds contaminated 26.67% of the examined mayonnaise sample Yeasts in numbers averaged 2.2x102/g of the samples. All the examined mayonnaise samples failed to yield coliforms ( less than 3/g) and therefore fecal colifrms and E.coli could not be recovered from the examined samples.Also,S.aureus and anaerbes could not be detected in any of mayonnaise samples examined. The results prove that the examined commercial mayonnaise samples sold in Assiut city are of quite good quality and considered as microbilologically safe products Although the microbial loads are below the hazard point, the health hazard of such microorganisms still exists if they are allowed to grow and multiply, and that what was studied through the second part of the present study, in which the survival and viability of Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphyococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in commercial mayonnaise kept at room temperature were studied. Each mayonnaise sample was inoculated separately with one of the mentioned pathogenic microorganisms and then incubated at room temperature ( about 25oC) as commercial mayonnaise is usually distributed, shelved and stored at this temperature. After that, the inoculated mayonnaise was sampled after 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The results revealed the lethal effect of mayonnaise on the inoculated microorganisms although the survival and viability of L.monocytogenes and B. cereus was relatively longer than others. Suggestive hygienic measures for improving the quality of mayonnaise and also to safeguard the consumer were discussed.

ٍSixty albino rats were used to determine the adverse effects of aluminum toxixity. the rats were divided into 3 groups Serum and tissue samples (Brain, bone, liver,kidney spleen,lung and heart)were taken at each time of scarififcation . serum samples were used to determine cholinesterase . tissue samples were either fixed in 10% neutral buffer formalin for histopathological and examination or in freeze for study.there an elevation in the level of group however brain showed early marked elevation from there were significant elevation in values if urea and creatinine in both treated groups. the examination revealled the bone showed signs of osteomalacia. the liver showwed cloudy swelling hydropic and fatty . it is concluded from the present study that long term exposure to aluminumevoked dratic changes on function , morphology and structure of vital organs. the deleterious effects were dose and time dependent.

this study was designed to evaluate the effect of pre-slaughter stress on some behavioral live weight and physicochemical meat parameters . where 25 chichs randomly selected from slaughter house at

the present study aimdy aimed to estimate the levels of some heavy metals in 50 raw milk samples collectd from several supermarkets in different localities at port said Governorates